Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder found in children. It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of ADHD. In the present study, we examined the behavioral and brain transcriptome changes in MPH-treated and ATX-treated zebrafish. In behavioral analysis, zebrafish showed opposite response to each treatment. MPH-treated fish showed higher anxiety-like behavior while ATX-treated fish showed lower anxiety-like behavior. Further, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of zebrafish brain to elucidate the underlying biological pathways associated with MPH and ATX treatment. Interestingly, we found that shared differentially expressed genes in MPH-treated and ATX-treated fish were instrumental in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and were regulated in opposite manner. Our findings highlight the contrast between MTH and ATX, and may suggest the alterations in clinical practice for these medications and drug development for ADHD.

中文翻译：

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哌醋甲酯和托莫西汀对斑马鱼行为和脑转录组的不同影响。

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见于儿童的神经精神疾病。它的特点是注意力不集中，活动过度和冲动。通常开出哌醋甲酯（MPH）和阿托西汀（ATX）用于治疗多动症。在本研究中，我们检查了MPH处理和ATX处理的​​斑马鱼的行为和脑转录组变化。在行为分析中，斑马鱼对每种处理均显示相反的反应。MPH处理的鱼表现出较高的焦虑样行为，而ATX处理的​​鱼表现出较低的焦虑样行为。此外，我们进行了斑马鱼大脑的RNA测序分析，以阐明与MPH和ATX治疗相关的潜在生物学途径。有趣的是 我们发现，MPH处理和ATX处理的​​鱼中共有的差异表达基因在胆固醇的生物合成途径中起着重要作用，并且受到相反的调控。我们的发现突出了MTH和ATX之间的对比，并可能暗示这些药物在临床实践中的改变以及ADHD的药物开发。