Understanding the impact of management on the dispersal potential of forest tree species is pivotal in the context of global change, given the implications of gene flow on species evolution. We aimed to determine the effect of logging on gene flow distances in two Nothofagus species from temperate Patagonian forests having high ecological relevance and wood quality. Therefore, a total of 778 individuals (mature trees and saplings) of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua, from a single plot managed 20 years ago (2.85 hectares), were mapped and genotyped at polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Historical estimates of gene dispersal distance (based on fine-scale spatial genetic structure) and contemporary estimates of seed and pollen dispersal (based on spatially explicit mating models) were obtained. The results indicated restricted gene flow (gene distance ≤ 45 m, both pollen and seed), no selfing and significant seed and pollen immigration from trees located outside the studied plot but in the close surrounding area. The size of trees (diameter at breast height and height) was significantly associated with female and/or male fertility. The significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with the restricted seed and pollen dispersal. Moreover, both estimates of gene dispersal (historical and contemporary) gave congruent results. This suggests that the recent history of logging within the study area has not significantly influenced on patterns of gene flow, which can be explained by the silviculture applied to the stand. The residual tree density maintained species composition, and the homogeneous spatial distribution of trees allowed the maintenance of gene dispersal. The short dispersal distance estimated for these two species has several implications both for understanding the evolution of the species and for defining management, conservation and restoration actions. Future replication of this study in other Nothofagus Patagonian forests would be helpful to validate our conclusions.

中文翻译：

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保持紧密：两个巴塔哥尼亚Nothofagus物种的管理森林中的局部散布距离短

考虑到基因流对物种进化的影响，在全球变化的背景下，了解管理对林木物种传播潜力的影响至关重要。我们旨在确定对来自具有高生态相关性和木材质量的温带巴塔哥尼亚森林的两种Nothofagus物种的基因流距离进行记录的影响。因此，总共有778个Nothofagus alpina和N. obliqua的个体（成熟的树和树苗），在20多年前（2.85公顷）管理的一个样地中，从多态核微卫星基因座进行定位和基因分型。获得了基因散布距离的历史估计（基于精细尺度的空间遗传结构）以及种子和花粉散布的当代估计（基于空间显式的交配模型）。结果表明，基因流受到限制（基因距离≤45 m，花粉和种子），没有自交，并且种子和花粉没有从所研究小区外部但在附近环境中的树木中大量迁移。树木的大小（乳房高度和身高处的直径）与女性和/或男性的生育能力显着相关。显着的细尺度空间遗传结构与限制的种子和花粉分散相一致。此外，基因传播的两个估计（历史的和当代的）都得出了一致的结果。这表明研究区域内最近的伐木历史对基因流的模式没有显着影响，这可以通过对林分进行的造林术来解释。残留的树木密度保持了物种的组成，树木的均匀空间分布使基因的扩散得以维持。估计这两个物种的短扩散距离对理解物种的进化以及定义管理，保护和恢复行动都具有若干含义。这项研究在其他地方的未来复制 这可以通过将林木应用于林分来解释。残留的树木密度保持了物种的组成，树木的均匀空间分布使基因的扩散得以维持。估计这两个物种的短扩散距离对理解物种的进化以及定义管理，保护和恢复行动都具有若干含义。这项研究在其他地方的未来复制 这可以通过将林木应用于林分来解释。残留的树木密度保持了物种的组成，树木的均匀空间分布使基因的扩散得以维持。估计这两个物种的短扩散距离对理解物种的进化以及定义管理，保护和恢复行动都具有若干含义。这项研究在其他地方的未来复制 保护和恢复行动。这项研究在其他地方的未来复制 保护和恢复行动。这项研究在其他地方的未来复制巴塔哥尼亚Nothofagus森林将有助于验证我们的结论。