Despite important policy implications, there is scant research on the relationship between distress from victimization and perceptions of police effectiveness. This study investigates the relationship between extent of distress due to violent victimization and perceptions of local law enforcement. In addition, we examine the way that perceived neighbourhood social cohesion accounts for the relationship. We use data from a U.S. statewide victimization survey to estimate regression models that compare victims of violent crime with no/mild distress, victims with moderate/severe distress and nonvictims of violent crime on ratings of police effectiveness. Models include controls for local crime and poverty rates, demographic characteristics, property crime victimization and respondents' exposure to negative policing via media and their own contact with law enforcement. Results show that 10% of respondents are victims of violent crime, and among victims, 40% report no/mild distress and 60% report moderate/severe distress. While victims with greater distress rate police lower on the effectiveness scale, these differences can be accounted for by controls for neighbourhood context, especially the level of perceived social cohesion. Results suggest neighbourhood social environments should be incorporated into models of perceptions of police effectiveness and policing more broadly and that increasing social cohesion may improve police‐community dynamics.

中文翻译：

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犯罪受害者苦恼，邻里社会凝聚力和感知的警察效力

尽管有重要的政策含义，但是关于受害​​困扰和对警察效力的认识之间的关系的研究很少。这项研究调查了暴力受害者造成的苦难程度与当地执法部门之间的关系。此外，我们研究了感知的邻里社会凝聚力对这种关系的解释方式。我们使用来自美国全州受害情况调查的数据来估计回归模型，该模型将没有或没有轻度困扰的暴力犯罪受害者，有中度/重度困扰的受害者和没有暴力犯罪行为的受害者进行了警察效能评估。模型包括控制地方犯罪和贫困率，人口特征，财产犯罪受害人和受访者的 通过媒体以及他们自己与执法部门的接触受到负面治安的影响。结果显示，有10％的受访者是暴力犯罪的受害者，而在受害者中，有40％的人报告为无/轻度痛苦，有60％的人报告为中度/重度痛苦。尽管遇险率较高的受害者在效率范围上的警力较低，但这些差异可以通过对邻里环境的控制来解决，尤其是感知到的社会凝聚力的水平。结果表明，应该将邻里社会环境纳入对警察效力和警务的认知模型中，并认为增加社会凝聚力可以​​改善警察社区的动态。尽管遇险率较高的受害者在效率范围上的警力较低，但这些差异可以通过对邻里环境的控制来解决，尤其是感知到的社会凝聚力的水平。结果表明，应该将邻里社会环境纳入对警察效力和警务的认知模型中，并认为增加社会凝聚力可以​​改善警察社区的动态。尽管遇险率较高的受害者在效率范围上的警力较低，但这些差异可以通过对邻里环境的控制来解决，尤其是感知到的社会凝聚力的水平。结果表明，应该将邻里社会环境纳入对警察效力和警务的认知模型中，并认为增加社会凝聚力可以​​改善警察社区的动态。