Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, but primary resources are limited and overfertilization may cause eutrophication of freshwater. Our objectives were to examine temperature effects on (a) optimal P rate for turfgrass establishment, and (b) increasing rates of foliar vs. granular P for early spring growth of established greens. Two trials, both on USGA root zones and replicated in April−May over 2 yr, were conducted in daylight phytotrons at 7, 12 and 17 °C. Experiment 1 compared 5 P rates from 0 to 0.48 g P m⁻² wk⁻¹ for creeping bentgrass establishment on a sand containing 13 mg P kg⁻¹ (Mehlich‐3). Results showed no temperature effect on the optimal P rate. Bentgrass coverage and clipping yield increased up to 0.12 and 0.24 g P m⁻² wk⁻¹, corresponding to 6 and 12% of the N input, respectively. The concentration of P in clippings was higher at 7 than at 17 °C indicating that temperature was more limiting to shoot growth than to P uptake. A higher root/top ratio showed that plants invested more in roots under P deficiency. Experiment 2 was conducted using intact cores from a 4‐yr‐old creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) green with a Mehlich‐3 P level of 34 mg P kg⁻¹. Results showed increased clipping yields up to 0.18 g P m⁻² wk⁻¹ and higher P uptake with granular than with foliar application, but there was no effect on turfgrass color and no interaction with temperature. Low temperatures did not justify higher P applications.

中文翻译：

---

温度对bent草生长和春季生长对磷需求的影响

磷是植物必需的营养素，但主要资源有限，过度施肥可能导致淡水富营养化。我们的目标是检验温度对（a）草坪草最佳磷含量的影响，以及（b）对于成熟果岭的早春生长，增加叶面磷与颗粒状P的比率。在USGA根区上进行了两项试验，并于2年的4月至5月进行了2年的重复试验，这些试验是在7、12和17°C的日光光子加速器中进行的。实验1比较了0到0.48 g P m ^-2  wk ^-1的5 P速率，以在含有13 mg P kg ^-1（Mehlich-3）的沙子上蠕动的草根建立。结果表明温度对最佳P速率没有影响。奔腾草覆盖率和截割产量提高至0.12和0.24 g P m ^-2 wk ^-1，分别对应于N输入的6％和12％。剪枝中的P浓度在7时高于17°C，这表明温度对苗木生长的限制比对P吸收的限制更大。较高的根/顶比表明在缺磷条件下植物对根的投资更多。实验2是使用来自4年生的from草（Agrostis stolonifera L.）绿的完整芯进行的，Mehlich-3 P含量为34 mg P kg ^-1。结果表明，与叶面施肥相比，粒状施肥提高了高达0.18 g P m ^-2  wk ^-1的修剪产量，并吸收了较高的P，但是对草皮草的颜色没有影响，并且与温度没有相互作用。低温并不能证明高P应用。