Pakistani camels have been classified socio‐geographically into 20 breeds, but they have not yet been subjected to substantial selective pressures and the genetic basis for these breeds is not understood. However, it should be possible to distinguish them by use of molecular data. This study investigated the genetic diversity and population structure within and between two major Pakistani camel breeds, Marecha and Lassi. As no SNP array is currently available, we first identified 63 619 SNPs using a genotyping by sequencing approach. After quality control, a panel of 36 926 SNPs was used in the analysis. Population structure was investigated with a principal coordinate analysis as well as a cluster analysis using NetView , and multilocus heterozygosity analysis to explore between‐ and within‐breed genetic variation. In addition, between‐breed variation was explored using the fixation index, F _ST. We also compared relationship matrices computed using the VanRaden SNP‐based method and a method developed specifically for genotyping by sequencing data. Among the two camel breeds, Lassi showed a lower level of genetic diversity whereas Marecha showed a higher level. As a genotyping platform has not yet been developed for the camel, the SNPs discovered in this study will be useful in future genetic studies in camels.

中文翻译：

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利用测序方法进行基因分型，在Lassi和Marecha骆驼品种中进行SNP发现和种群结构分析。

巴基斯坦骆驼在社会地理上被分为20个品种，但尚未受到实质性的选择压力，因此尚不了解这些品种的遗传基础。但是，应该有可能通过使用分子数据来区分它们。这项研究调查了两个主要的巴基斯坦骆驼品种，Marecha和Lassi内和之间的遗传多样性和种群结构。由于目前没有可用的SNP阵列，我们首先使用通过测序的基因分型方法鉴定了63 619个SNP。经过质量控制后，在分析中使用了36 926个SNP。使用主坐标分析以及使用NetView的聚类分析研究了人口结构，以及多基因座杂合性分析，以探索品种间和品种内的遗传变异。此外，使用固定指数F _ST探索品种间的变异。我们还比较了使用基于VanRaden SNP的方法和专为通过测序数据进行基因分型而开发的方法计算的关系矩阵。在这两个骆驼品种中，拉西（Lassi）的遗传多样性水平较低，而马雷查（Marecha）的遗传多样性水平较高。由于尚未为骆驼开发基因分型平台，因此本研究中发现的SNP将在未来的骆驼遗传研究中有用。