A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to determine the association between the serum vitamin D level and dry eye. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases to identify clinical studies evaluating the association between vitamin D levels and dry eye. The random‐effect model was used to combine the results. Possible sources of heterogeneity across studies were determined by meta‐regression and sensitivity analysis. Overall, 10 studies (n = 18 919) were included. Patients with dry eye had a mean serum vitamin D level that was lower than that in healthy controls by 3.99 ng/ml (95% CI −6.57, −1.40; p = 0.002). The mean Ocular Surface Disease Index score was higher (mean difference 10.70, 95% CI 1.55–19.86; p = 0.02) and Schirmer’s test without anaesthesia result was lower (mean difference 6.38 mm/5 min, 95% CI −10.48, −2.28; p = 0.002) in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in controls. Tear break‐up time was comparable in the vitamin D deficiency and control groups (p = 0.15). Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results obtained were robust. This meta‐analysis suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse subjective symptoms and less tear production in patients with dry eye. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for dry eye syndrome. Prospective cohort and intervention studies are warranted to determine if vitamin D has a protective role in the development of dry eye.

中文翻译：

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维生素 D 缺乏与干眼症有关：系统评价和荟萃分析

进行了系统评价和荟萃分析以确定血清维生素 D 水平与干眼症之间的关联。使用 PubMed、Embase、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库进行了系统的文献检索，以确定评估维生素 D 水平与干眼症之间关联的临床研究。随机效应模型用于合并结果。跨研究异质性的可能来源由元回归和敏感性分析确定。总体而言，纳入了 10 项研究（n = 18 919）。干眼症患者的平均血清维生素 D 水平比健康对照组低 3.99 ng/ml（95% CI -6.57, -1.40；p = 0.002）。平均眼表疾病指数得分较高（平均差异 10.70，95% CI 1.55–19.86；p = 0。02) 和没有麻醉的 Schirmer 检验结果在维生素 D 缺乏患者中低于对照组（平均差异 6.38 毫米/5 分钟，95% CI -10.48，-2.28；p = 0.002）。维生素 D 缺乏组和对照组的泪液破裂时间相当（p = 0.15）。敏感性分析表明所获得的结果是稳健的。这项荟萃分析表明，维生素 D 缺乏与干眼症患者更严重的主观症状和泪液分泌减少有关。维生素 D 缺乏可能是干眼症的危险因素。有必要进行前瞻性队列和干预研究，以确定维生素 D 是否对干眼症的发展具有保护作用。维生素 D 缺乏组和对照组的泪液破裂时间相当（p = 0.15）。敏感性分析表明所获得的结果是稳健的。这项荟萃分析表明，维生素 D 缺乏与干眼症患者更严重的主观症状和泪液分泌减少有关。维生素 D 缺乏可能是干眼症的危险因素。有必要进行前瞻性队列和干预研究，以确定维生素 D 是否对干眼症的发展具有保护作用。维生素 D 缺乏组和对照组的泪液破裂时间相当（p = 0.15）。敏感性分析表明所获得的结果是稳健的。这项荟萃分析表明，维生素 D 缺乏与干眼症患者更严重的主观症状和泪液分泌减少有关。维生素 D 缺乏可能是干眼症的危险因素。有必要进行前瞻性队列和干预研究，以确定维生素 D 是否对干眼症的发展具有保护作用。