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A characterisation of the reconstructed birth-death process through time rescaling.
Theoretical Population Biology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2020.05.001
Anastasia Ignatieva 1 , Jotun Hein 2 , Paul A Jenkins 3
Affiliation  

The dynamics of a population exhibiting exponential growth can be modelled as a birth-death process, which naturally captures the stochastic variation in population size over time. In this article, we consider a supercritical birth-death process, started at a random time in the past, and conditioned to have n sampled individuals at the present. The genealogy of individuals sampled at the present time is then described by the reversed reconstructed process (RRP), which traces the ancestry of the sample backwards from the present. We show that a simple, analytic, time rescaling of the RRP provides a straightforward way to derive its inter-event times. The same rescaling characterises other distributions underlying this process, obtained elsewhere in the literature via more cumbersome calculations. We also consider the case of incomplete sampling of the population, in which each leaf of the genealogy is retained with an independent Bernoulli trial with probability ψ, and we show that corresponding results for Bernoulli-sampled RRPs can be derived using time rescaling, for any values of the underlying parameters. A central result is the derivation of a scaling limit as ψ approaches 0, corresponding to the underlying population growing to infinity, using the time rescaling formalism. We show that in this setting, after a linear time rescaling, the event times are the order statistics of n logistic random variables with mode log(1∕ψ); moreover, we show that the inter-event times are approximately exponentially distributed.

中文翻译:

通过时间重新调整重建的生死过程的表征。

呈现指数增长的人口动态可以建模为出生-死亡过程,它自然地捕捉到人口规模随时间的随机变化。在这篇文章中,我们考虑了一个超临界的生死过程,从过去的一个随机时间开始,并以现在有 n 个样本为条件。然后通过逆向重建过程(RRP)描述当前采样的个体的家谱,该过程从现在开始向后追溯样本的祖先。我们表明,RRP 的简单、分析、时间重新缩放提供了一种直接的方法来导出其事件间时间。相同的重新缩放表征了该过程的其他分布,通过更繁琐的计算在文献的其他地方获得。我们还考虑了人口不完全抽样的情况,其中家谱的每一片叶子都保留有一个独立的伯努利试验,概率为基础参数的值。一个中心结果是当 ψ 接近 0 时的缩放限制的推导,对应于使用时间重新缩放形式的基础人口增长到无穷大。我们表明,在这种设置下,经过线性时间重新缩放后,事件时间是 n 个逻辑随机变量的顺序统计量,众数为 log(1∕ψ);此外,我们表明事件间时间近似呈指数分布。并且我们表明,对于基础参数的任何值,可以使用时间重新缩放来得出伯努利采样 RRP 的相应结果。一个中心结果是当 ψ 接近 0 时的缩放限制的推导,对应于使用时间重新缩放形式的基础人口增长到无穷大。我们表明,在这种设置下,经过线性时间重新缩放后,事件时间是 n 个逻辑随机变量的顺序统计量,众数为 log(1∕ψ);此外,我们表明事件间时间近似呈指数分布。并且我们表明,对于基础参数的任何值,可以使用时间重新缩放来得出伯努利采样 RRP 的相应结果。一个中心结果是当 ψ 接近 0 时的缩放限制的推导,对应于使用时间重新缩放形式的基础人口增长到无穷大。我们表明,在这种设置下,经过线性时间重新缩放后,事件时间是 n 个逻辑随机变量的顺序统计量,众数为 log(1∕ψ);此外,我们表明事件间时间近似呈指数分布。使用时间重定标的形式。我们表明,在这种设置下,经过线性时间重新缩放后,事件时间是 n 个逻辑随机变量的顺序统计量,众数为 log(1∕ψ);此外,我们表明事件间时间近似呈指数分布。使用时间重定标的形式。我们表明,在这种设置下,经过线性时间重新缩放后,事件时间是 n 个逻辑随机变量的顺序统计量,众数为 log(1∕ψ);此外,我们表明事件间时间近似呈指数分布。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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