The mammalian brain has high energy demands, which may become higher in response to environmental challenges such as psychogenic stress exposure. Therefore, efficient neutralization of reactive oxygen species that are produced as a by-product of ATP synthesis is crucial for preventing oxidative damage and ensuring normal energy supply and brain function. Glutathione (GSH) is arguably the most important endogenous antioxidant in the brain. In recent years, aberrant GSH levels have been implicated in different psychiatric disorders, including stress-related psychopathologies. In this review, we examine the available data supporting a role for GSH levels and antioxidant function in the brain in relation to anxiety and stress-related psychopathologies. Additionally, we identify several promising compounds that could raise GSH levels in the brain by either increasing the availability of its precursors or the expression of GSH-regulating enzymes through activation of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Given the high tolerability and safety profile of these compounds, they may represent attractive new opportunities to complement existing therapeutic manipulations against stress-related psychopathologies.

中文翻译：

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谷胱甘肽增强剂在与压力有关的精神病理学中的治疗潜力。

哺乳动物的大脑对能量的需求很高，随着对环境的挑战（例如心理压力暴露），能量需求可能会更高。因此，有效中和作为ATP合成副产物而产生的活性氧对防止氧化损伤并确保正常的能量供应和大脑功能至关重要。谷胱甘肽（GSH）可以说是大脑中最重要的内源性抗氧化剂。近年来，异常的GSH水平与各种精神疾病有关，包括与压力有关的精神病学。在这篇综述中，我们研究了可用数据支持与焦虑和压力相关的精神病理学有关的谷胱甘肽水平和抗氧化功能在大脑中的作用。另外，我们发现了几种有希望的化合物，它们可以通过增加其前体的可用性或通过激活核因子红系-2-相关因子2（Nrf2）来表达GSH调节酶来提高大脑中GSH的水平。鉴于这些化合物的高度耐受性和安全性，它们可能代表了新的机遇，以补充现有的应对压力相关精神病理学的治疗方法。