Abstract The concentrations of radionuclides, especially anions, in water can substantially exceed local background levels in the vicinity of former and currently operating uranium enrichment plants. In this study, we present new data on environmental monitoring near the uranium sludge collector of an electrochemical plant (ECP) in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. We first tracked the complex biogeochemical processes that can affect the fate and transport of U in highly nitrate-polluted ground- and surface water. We described the main mechanisms of U immobilization: (a) biogenic and abiogenic reduction (microbial nitrate reduction caused dramatically Eh decrease), (b) sorption by organic matter in peat and by microbial biofilms on a sandy rock surface, and (c) precipitation with biogenic and abiogenic phases. The intensity of the biogenic and abiogenic factors depended on the dynamics of changes in the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)-pH conditions as well as organic- and inorganic anion concentrations with distance from the source of pollution. Anammox bacteria were found in areas with high nitrate pollution, and we believe that they played a key role in lithotrophic nitrogen consumption and primary organic production. These data can form the basis for complex groundwater remediations close to U sludge repositories and can be implemented beyond the ECP site itself.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯泽列诺戈尔斯克电化学工厂设施中低放射性废物处置的环境监测

摘要 水中放射性核素（尤其是阴离子）的浓度可能大大超过以前和目前正在运行的铀浓缩厂附近的当地本底水平。在这项研究中，我们展示了俄罗斯克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区电化学工厂 (ECP) 铀污泥收集器附近环境监测的新数据。我们首先追踪了复杂的生物地球化学过程，这些过程可以影响高度硝酸盐污染的地下水和地表水中 U 的命运和运输。我们描述了 U 固定的主要机制：（a）生物和非生物还原（微生物硝酸盐还原导致 Eh 显着降低），（b）泥炭中的有机物和沙质岩石表面的微生物生物膜的吸附，以及（c）沉淀具有生物成因和非生物成因相。生物和非生物因素的强度取决于氧化还原电位 (ORP)-pH 条件以及有机和无机阴离子浓度随距污染源距离的变化动态。在硝酸盐污染严重的地区发现了厌氧氨氧化细菌，我们认为它们在岩石营养氮消耗和初级有机生产中发挥了关键作用。这些数据可以构成靠近 U 污泥库的复杂地下水修复的基础，并且可以在 ECP 现场之外实施。我们相信它们在岩石营养氮消耗和初级有机生产中发挥了关键作用。这些数据可以构成靠近 U 污泥库的复杂地下水修复的基础，并且可以在 ECP 现场之外实施。我们相信它们在岩石营养氮消耗和初级有机生产中发挥了关键作用。这些数据可以构成靠近 U 污泥库的复杂地下水修复的基础，并且可以在 ECP 现场之外实施。