Our study demonstrated that sleep deprivation resulted in homeostasis disorder of colon. Our study goes deeper into the positive effects of melatonin on small intestinal microbiota disorder caused by sleep deprivation. We successfully established a multiplatform 72 h sleep deprivation mouse model with or without melatonin supplementation, and analyzed the change of small intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA. We found melatonin supplementation suppressed the decrease of plasma melatonin level in sleep deprivation mice. Meanwhile, melatonin supplementation improved significantly the reduction in OTU numbers and the diversity and richness of jejunal microbiota and the abundance of Bacteroidaeae and Prevotellaceae, as well as an increase in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and the content of Moraxellaceae and Aeromonadaceae in the jejunum of sleep deprived-mice. Moreover, melatonin supplementation reversed the change of metabolic pathway in sleep deprived-mice, including metabolism, signal transduction mechanisms and transcription etc, which were related to intestinal health. Furthermore, melatonin supplementation inverted the sleep deprivation-induced a decline of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-22) and an increase of the ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17) in jejunum. These findings suggested that melatonin, similar to a probiotics agent, can reverse sleep deprivation-induced small intestinal microbiota disorder by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation response.

中文翻译：

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褪黑素可减轻短期睡眠不足小鼠的空肠微生物群失调。

我们的研究表明，睡眠不足会导致结肠稳态失调。我们的研究更深入地研究了褪黑激素对睡眠剥夺引起的小肠微生物群疾病的积极作用。我们成功地建立了具有或不具有褪黑激素补充的多平台72小时睡眠剥夺小鼠模型，并使用16S rRNA的高通量测序分析了小肠微生物群的变化。我们发现补充褪黑激素可以抑制睡眠剥夺小鼠血浆中褪黑激素水平的下降。同时，褪黑激素的补充显着改善了OTU数量的减少，空肠菌群的多样性和丰富性以及细菌科和前鞭毛科的丰富度，以及增加了厚壁菌门-到-拟杆菌比率和含量Moraxellaceae和Aeromonadaceae在睡眠剥夺小鼠的空肠。此外，褪黑激素补充剂可逆转睡眠剥夺小鼠的代谢途径，包括代谢，信号转导机制和转录等。与肠道健康有关。此外，褪黑激素补充可以使睡眠不足导致空肠中抗炎细胞因子（IL-22）的下降以及ROS和促炎细胞因子（IL-17）的增加。这些发现表明，褪黑素类似于益生菌剂，可以通过抑制氧化应激和炎症反应来逆转睡眠剥夺引起的小肠微生物群疾病。