Theory of Mind is an inferential system central to human–human communication by which people ascribe mental states to self and other, and then use those deductions to make predictions about others’ behaviors. Despite the likelihood that ToM may also be central to interactions with other types of agents exhibiting similar cues, it is not yet fully known whether humans develop ToM for mechanical agents exhibiting properties of intelligence and sociality. A suite of five tests for implicit ToM were performed (white lie test, behavioral intention task, facial affect inference, vocal affect inference, and false-belief test) for three different robots and a human control. Findings suggest that implicit ToM signals are consistent across variably human-like robots and humans, so long as the social cues are similar and interpretable, but there is no association between implicit ToM signals and explicit mind ascription; findings suggest that heuristics and deliberation of mental status of robots may compete with implicit social-cognitive reactions.

中文翻译：

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社交机器人中的心理理论：重复建立的五项人类测试

心理理论是人与人交流的核心推理系统，通过该系统人们将精神状态归因于自我和他人，然后使用这些推论对他人的行为进行预测。尽管ToM可能也可能是与表现出类似线索的其他类型的代理进行交互的中心，但尚不清楚人类是否会开发出具有智力和社交特性的机械代理的ToM。针对三个不同的机器人和一个人工控制，进行了五项隐式ToM测试（白谎言测试，行为意图任务，面部情感推断，声音情感推断和错误信念测试）。研究结果表明，只要社交线索具有相似性和可解释性，隐含的ToM信号在各种类人机器人和人类中都是一致的，但是隐式ToM信号和显式思维归属之间没有关联；研究结果表明，启发式和思考性的机器人状态可能与隐性的社会认知反应竞争。