Many marine invertebrate phyla are characterized by indirect development. These animals transit from planktonic larvae to benthic adults via settlement and metamorphosis, which contributes to the adaption to the marine environment. Studying the biological process of metamorphosis is thus a key to understand the origin and evolution of indirect development. Numerous studies have been conducted on the relationships of metamorphosis with the marine environment, microorganisms, as well as the neurohormones, however, little is known on the gene regulation network (GRN) dynamics during metamorphosis. Metamorphosis competent pediveliger of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was assayed in this study. By identifying genes enriched in competent pediveliger and early spat, as well as pediveligers treated with epinephrine, the dynamics of genes and proteins was examined with transcriptomics and proteomics methods. The results indicated significantly different gene regulation networks before, during, and post metamorphosis. Genes encoding membrane integrated receptors and related to the remodeling of the nervous system were upregulated before the initiation of metamorphosis. Massive biogenesis, e.g., various enzymes and structural proteins, occurred during metamorphosis. Correspondingly, the protein synthesis system was comprehensively activated after epinephrine stimulation. Hierarchical downstream gene networks were also stimulated, where some transcription factors showed different temporal response patterns, including some important Homeobox, basic helix-loop-helix factors and nuclear receptors. Nuclear receptors, as well as their retinoic acid receptor partners, should play critical roles during the oyster metamorphosis, although they may not be responsible for the initiation process. Enriched genes in early spat were mainly related to environmental stress responses, indicating the GRN complexity of the transition stage during oyster metamorphosis.

中文翻译：

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太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas变态过程中的转录组和蛋白质组学动力学。

许多海洋无脊椎动物门的特征是间接发育。这些动物通过沉降和变态从浮游幼虫过渡到底栖成虫，这有助于适应海洋环境。因此，研究变态的生物学过程是理解间接发展的起源和演变的关键。关于变态与海洋环境，微生物以及神经激素的关系，已经进行了许多研究，但是，关于变态期间基因调控网络（GRN）动力学的了解很少。太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas的变态胜任的花ive在这项研究中进行了测定。通过鉴定富集能干的适性和早期吐唾沫的基因，以及用肾上腺素治疗的有效成分，用转录组学和蛋白质组学方法检测了基因和蛋白质的动力学。结果表明，在变态之前，期间和之后，基因调控网络明显不同。在开始变态之前，编码膜整合受体并与神经系统重塑有关的基因被上调。大规模生物发生，例如各种酶和结构蛋白，发生在变态过程中。相应地，肾上腺素刺激后，蛋白质合成系统被全面激活。还刺激了分层的下游基因网络，其中某些转录因子显示出不同的时间响应模式，包括一些重要的Homeobox，基本的螺旋-环-螺旋因子和核受体。核受体及其视黄酸受体伴侣应在牡蛎变态过程中发挥关键作用，尽管它们可能对引发过程不负责。早吐中的丰富基因主要与环境胁迫反应有关，表明牡蛎变态过程中过渡阶段的GRN复杂性。