Developing an accurate Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) in a continuous form is essential for many maritime applications as it can be employed to develop an accurate continuous vertical control datum for hydrographic surveys applications and to produce accurate dynamic electronic navigation charts for safe maritime navigation by mariners. The LAT can be developed in a continuous (surface) using an estimated LAT surface model from the hydrodynamic ocean model along with coastal discrete LAT point values derived from tide gauges data sets to provide the corrected LAT surface model. In this paper, an accurate LAT surface model was developed for the Red Sea case study using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization, namely, WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, and EOT11a models. It was found that the developed optimal hybrid LAT model using MLE with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization ranges from 0.1 m to 1.63 m, associated with about 2.4 cm of uncertainty at a 95% confidence level in the Red Sea case study area. To validate the accuracy of the developed model, the comparison was made between the optimal hybrid LAT model developed from multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization using the MLE method with the individual LAT models estimated from individual WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, or EOT11a ocean models based on the associated uncertainties estimated at a 95% confidence level. It was found that the optimal hybrid LAT model accuracy is superior to the individual LAT models estimated from individual ocean models with an improvement of about 50% in average, based on the estimated uncertainties. The importance of developing optimal LAT surface model using the MLE method with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization in this paper with few centimeters level of uncertainty can lead to accurate continuous vertical datum estimation that is essential for many maritime applications.

中文翻译：

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使用最大似然估计器和多个海洋模型杂交的最佳最低天文潮汐估计

连续不断地开发精确的最低天文潮（LAT）对于许多海事应用都是必不可少的，因为它可用于为水文测量应用开发准确的连续垂直控制基准，并生成准确的动态电子导航图，以确保水手安全进行海上航行。可使用来自水动力海洋模型的估计LAT表面模型以及从潮汐仪数据集得出的沿海离散LAT点值，在连续（表面）中开发LAT，以提供校正后的LAT表面模型。在本文中，使用最大似然估计器（MLE）和多个水动力海洋模型混合，即WebTide，FES2014，DTU10和EOT11a模型，为红海案例研究开发了精确的LAT表面模型。发现在红海案例研究区域中，使用MLE和多种水动力海洋模型杂交开发的最优混合LAT模型范围为0.1 m至1.63 m，在95％置信水平下伴随着约2.4 cm的不确定性。为了验证所开发模型的准确性，在使用MLE方法从多个水动力海洋模型杂交开发的最佳混合LAT模型与基于WebTide，FES2014，DTU10或EOT11a海洋模型估算的单个LAT模型之间进行了比较。相关不确定性估计为95％置信水平。已经发现，基于估计的不确定性，最优的混合LAT模型准确性优于从单个海洋模型估计的单个LAT模型，平均提高了约50％。