BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IGAN) is characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we explored the relationship of redox status vs. that of circulating inflammation-related factors with other biomarkers in patients with IGAN. METHODS This is a case-control study comparing patients with IGAN (Stage 1-4) to healthy controls. Forty patients and 40 controls were matched for age and sex. Two circulating dynamic redox parameters were analysed: oxidized free cysteine (Cys) and nitrate. Thirty-seven inflammation-related factors were measured in serum. RESULTS The patients had elevated levels of oxidized free Cys and nitrate, indicating the presence of oxidative stress. Nine circulating inflammation-related factors were higher in the serum of patients than in that of controls. The most important factors were APRIL, MMP-3, osteopontin, TNFR1 and TWEAK. Inflammation-related factors were positively correlated with oxidized free Cys, nitrate, creatinine and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the patients. The correlation coefficients of Latent Inflammatory Factor vs. oxidized free Cys and nitrate were r = 0.43 (p = 0.007) and r = 0.51 (p = 0.001), respectively. This finding persisted after adjusting for the glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IGAN had disturbed redox status. Several circulating inflammation-related factors were elevated, suggesting activation of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway. There was a positive relationship between systemic redox status and the level of inflammation-related factors, partially independent of GFR. The present findings raise the question of whether circulating oxidized free Cys and/or nitrate may be employed as prognostic biomarkers for IGAN in the future.

中文翻译：

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循环炎症相关因素与IgA肾病的全身氧化还原状态有关。病例对照研究。

背景技术IgA肾病（IGAN）的特征在于氧化应激和炎症。在本研究中，我们探讨了IGAN患者氧化还原状态与循环炎症相关因子与其他生物标志物之间的关系。方法这是一项病例对照研究，将IGAN（1-4期）患者与健康对照进行了比较。40名患者和40名对照者的年龄和性别相匹配。分析了两个循环的动态氧化还原参数：氧化的游离半胱氨酸（Cys）和硝酸盐。在血清中测量了三十七个与炎症相关的因子。结果患者的游离Cys和硝酸盐氧化水平升高，表明存在氧化应激。患者血清中有9种循环炎症相关因子高于对照组。最重要的因素是APRIL，MMP-3，骨桥蛋白，TNFR1和TWEAK。患者中与炎症相关的因子与氧化型游离Cys，硝酸盐，肌酐和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）呈正相关。潜在炎症因子与氧化的游离Cys和硝酸盐的相关系数分别为r = 0.43（p = 0.007）和r = 0.51（p = 0.001）。调整肾小球滤过率后，这一发现仍然存在。结论IGAN患者的氧化还原状态受到干扰。几种与炎症相关的循环因子升高，提示非典型的NF-kB途径被激活。全身氧化还原状态与炎症相关因子水平呈正相关，部分与GFR无关。