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The Collective Action Problem but Not Numerical Superiority Explains Success in Intergroup Encounters in Verreaux’s Sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi): Implications for Individual Participation and Free-Riding
International Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00155-6
Rebecca J. Lewis , Aaron A. Sandel , Samantha Hilty , Sierra E. Barnett

Socioecological theory predicts that larger groups are able to gain better access to resources because of their numerical advantage in intergroup contests. Nevertheless, the numerical superiority hypothesis has received mixed support, perhaps due to the collective action problem and sex differences in strategies and payoffs. We tested the numerical superiority and the collective action problem hypotheses using 141 intergroup encounters in a 7-year dataset on 5 groups of Verreaux’s sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) at Ankoatsifaka Research Station in Kirindy Mitea National Park in western Madagascar. Contrary to the numerical superiority hypothesis, larger groups were not more likely to supplant smaller groups, nor was success determined by participation of a larger number of one sex. Consistent with a collective action problem, group size negatively affected participation. Notably, the sexes differed in which factors predicted individual participation. Male participation, which may serve to defend mating opportunities with resident females and signal competitive ability to neighboring groups, was greater than female participation, though we did not detect any strong predictor of male participation. Female participation was more likely during the lactation season, when food resources were scarce, than during the mating season. Contrary to previous studies, which argued that mothers with infants avoid intergroup conflicts because of the risk of infanticide, our study suggests that maternal energetic stress due to lactation and food scarcity increases the benefits of defending resources and instead drives mothers to participate in intergroup encounters. Thus, individual reproductive payoffs provide the private incentives needed to induce collective action.

中文翻译:

集体行动问题而不是数字优势解释了 Verreaux 的 Sifaka(Propithecus verreauxi)中群际相遇的成功:对个人参与和搭便车的影响

社会生态学理论预测,更大的群体能够更好地获取资源,因为他们在群体间竞争中具有数量优势。然而,数值优势假设得到了不同的支持,这可能是由于集体行动问题以及战略和回报的性别差异。我们在马达加斯加西部 Kirindy Mitea 国家公园的 Ankoatsifaka 研究站使用 5 组 Verreaux sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) 的 7 年数据集中的 141 次群际相遇测试了数值优势和集体行动问题假设。与数量优势假设相反,较大的群体不太可能取代较小的群体,成功也不是由更多的一种性别的参与决定的。与集体行动问题一致,团体规模对参与产生负面影响。值得注意的是,性别在哪些因素预测个人参与方面有所不同。男性参与可能有助于保护与常住女性的交配机会并向邻近群体发出竞争能力的信号,比女性参与要大,尽管我们没有发现任何男性参与的强预测因素。与交配季节相比,在食物资源稀缺的哺乳期,女性更容易参与。与之前的研究相反,之前的研究认为有婴儿的母亲会因为杀婴的风险而避免群体间冲突,我们的研究表明,由于哺乳和食物短缺引起的母亲能量压力增加了保护资源的好处,反而会驱使母亲参与群体间的接触。因此,
更新日期:2020-04-01
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