To investigate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) on intestinal microbiota diversity after fermentation by Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis was used to ferment DBT. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following four groups with six rats in each group: the control group, DBT nonfermentation group, B. subtilis group, and DBT fermentation group. Rats were fed continuously for 14 days. The 16S rRNA of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput Illumina sequencing. In total, 3483 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) were identified in this study, and 1236 OTUs were shared among all samples. Moreover, the most abundant phyla identified in this study were Bacteroidetes (29.65–38.19%) and Firmicutes (48.30–67.04%). The F/B ratios of the DBT nonfermentation group (1.07%) and the DBT fermentation group (1.78%) were slightly lower than those of the control group (2.29%). Lactobacillus was most upregulated in the DBT fermentation group (38.4%), followed by the DBT nonfermentation group (18.97%), control group (14.61%), and probiotics group (8.39%). Moreover, the pathogenic bacteria Alistipes and Parabacteroides were found to be downregulated in the DBT fermentation group (the percentages of Alistipes and Parabacteroides were as follows: control group, 8.09% and 0.16%; DBT nonfermentation group, 4.31% and 0.37%; DBT fermentation group, 1.96 and 0.09%; and probiotics group, 6.25% and 0.12%, respectively). This study is the first to research systematically the effects of DBT on the diversity of rat intestinal microbiota before and after fermentation. The structural characteristics of complex bacterial community in each group were clearly analysed, and DBT significantly increases probiotics and inhibits pathogenic bacterial growth in the intestinal tract of rats after fermentation, which plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal microbiota of the rats. This research provides new insights into the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.

中文翻译：

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当归补血汤发酵枯草芽孢杆菌对SD大鼠肠道菌群多样性的调控和分析

目的研究当归补血汤对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵后肠道菌群多样性的影响。用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵DBT。将Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠随机分为以下四组，每组六只：对照组，DBT非发酵组，枯草芽孢杆菌组和DBT发酵组。大鼠连续喂食14天。通过高通量Illumina测序分析了粪便样品的16S rRNA。在这项研究中，总共确定了3483个操作生物分类单位（OTU），并且在所有样本中共有1236个OTU。此外，在本研究中鉴定出的最丰富的门类是拟杆菌（29.65–38.19％）和硬毛（48.30–67.04％）。DBT非发酵组（1.07％）和DBT发酵组（1。78％）略低于对照组（2.29％）。乳酸菌在DBT发酵组中最上调（38.4％），其次是DBT非发酵组（18.97％），对照组（14.61％）和益生菌组（8.39％）。此外，发现DBT发酵组的病原菌Alistipes和Parabacteroides被下调（Alistipes和Parabacteroides的百分比如下：对照组，分别为8.09％和0.16％; DBT非发酵组，分别为4.31％和0.37％; DBT发酵组分别为1.96和0.09％；益生菌组分别为6.25％和0.12％）。这项研究是首次系统地研究DBT对发酵前后大鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响。清楚地分析了每组中复杂细菌群落的结构特征，发酵后，DBT显着增加益生菌并抑制大鼠肠道中的病原细菌生长，这在维持大鼠肠道菌群平衡中起着重要作用。这项研究为中药的开发和利用提供了新的见解。