Climate change and land use intensification are the two most common global change drivers of biodiversity loss. Like other organisms, the soil meso-fauna are expected to modify their functional diversity and composition in response to climate and land use changes. Here, we investigated the functional responses of Collembola, one of the most abundant and ecologically important groups of soil invertebrates. This study was conducted at the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF) in central Germany, where we tested the effects of climate (ambient vs. ‘future’ as projected for this region for the years between 2070 and 2100), land use (conventional farming, organic farming, intensively-used meadow, extensively-used meadow, and extensively-used pasture), and their interactions on the functional diversity (FD), community-weighted mean (CWM) traits (life-history, morphology), and functional composition of Collembola, as well as the Soil Biological Quality-Collembola (QBS-c) index. We found that land use was overwhelmingly the dominant driver of shifts in functional diversity, functional traits, and functional composition of Collembola, and of shifts in soil biological quality. These significant land use effects were mainly due to the differences between the two main land use types, i.e. cropland vs. grasslands. Specifically, Collembola functional biodiversity and soil biological quality were significantly lower in croplands than grasslands. However, no interactive effect of climate × land use was found in this study, suggesting that land use effects on Collembola were independent of the climate change scenario. Overall, our study shows that functional responses of Collembola are highly vulnerable to land use intensification under both climate scenarios. We conclude that land use changes reduce functional biodiversity and biological quality of soil.

气候变化和土地利用集约化是导致生物多样性丧失的两个最常见的全球变化驱动因素。与其他生物一样，土壤中型动物群预计会随着气候和土地利用的变化而改变其功能多样性和组成。在这里，我们研究了弹跳虫的功能反应，弹跳虫是土壤无脊椎动物中最丰富和生态上最重要的群体之一。这项研究是在德国中部的全球变化实验设施 (GCEF) 进行的，我们在那里测试了气候的影响（环境与“未来”，如该地区在 2070 年至 2100 年间预测的那样）、土地利用（传统农业、有机农业、集约利用草甸、粗放草甸和粗放牧场）及其对功能多样性（FD）的相互作用，群落加权平均 (CWM) 性状（生活史、形态）和跳虫的功能组成，以及土壤生物质量 - 跳虫 (QBS-c) 指数。我们发现土地利用是弹跳虫功能多样性、功能性状和功能组成变化以及土壤生物质量变化的主要驱动因素。这些显着的土地利用效应主要是由于两种主要土地利用类型之间的差异，即农田与草地。具体而言，农田中弹跳虫的功能生物多样性和土壤生物质量显着低于草地。然而，本研究未发现气候×土地利用的交互效应，表明土地利用对弹尾虫的影响与气候变化情景无关。全面的，我们的研究表明，弹尾虫的功能反应在两种气候情景下都极易受到土地利用集约化的影响。我们得出结论，土地利用的变化降低了土壤的功能生物多样性和生物质量。