Abstract The morphological evolution of a volcano records the main events of its formation, and its complexity is a function of overlapping constructive and destructive phases. Typical morphological evolutionary trends have been established: simple cones grow into larger cones or they widen into sub-cones or massifs. However, there are many exceptions to these general sequences. One exception is represented by Chimpa Volcano, an andesitic stratovolcano located in the Central Puna of the Andes. In order to evaluate the morphological evolution of Chimpa Volcano, its morphology was characterized, analyzed and quantified using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Chimpa Volcano is morphologically classified as a sub-cone, and three constructive stages of evolution and one destructive event have been recognized. The current morphology is related to the formation of an elongated depression flanked by scarps, named Quebrada Casana generated by a destructive event. Morphology and stratigraphy were linked using a parameter named emplacement balance (E*) which is defined as the volumetric ratio between the volcanic products emplaced far away from the vent and those which remain near vent. Chimpa Volcano's morphological evolution is directly related to the type of volcanic products emitted. The evolution began with the emission of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), where E* remains high, favoring the development of a plateau (Stage I). Then lava dome emplacement in a central position and its destruction reduced the value of E* and a massif was created (Stage II). Finally E* reached the lowest value when the volcano began to emit lava flows forming a sub-cone (Stage III). The presented methodology to evaluate volcanic products in relation to their morphology can be applied to other volcanic edifices in the central Andes and elsewhere.

中文翻译：

---

中安第斯弧后区黑猩猩成层火山地貌演化

摘要 火山的形态演化记录了其形成的主要事件，其复杂性是建设性和破坏性阶段重叠的函数。已经建立了典型的形态进化趋势：简单的锥体长成更大的锥体，或者它们扩大成子锥体或地块。然而，这些一般序列有许多例外。一个例外是位于安第斯山脉中部普纳的安山岩层状火山 Chimpa Volcano。为了评估黑猩猩火山的形态演化，使用数字高程模型 (DEM) 对其形态进行了表征、分析和量化。黑猩猩火山在形态上被归类为一个子锥体，并且已经确认了三个建设性的进化阶段和一个破坏性事件。目前的形态与由破坏性事件产生的侧面有陡坡的细长洼地的形成有关，称为 Quebrada Casana。形态学和地层学使用一个名为侵位平衡 (E*) 的参数联系起来，该参数定义为远离喷口的火山产物与留在喷口附近的火山产物之间的体积比。黑猩猩火山的形态演化与喷出的火山产物的类型直接相关。演化始于火山碎屑密度流 (PDC) 的发射，其中 E* 保持高位，有利于平台的发展（第一阶段）。然后熔岩穹顶在中心位置的安放及其破坏降低了 E* 的值，并创建了一个地块（第二阶段）。最后，当火山开始喷出熔岩流形成一个子锥（第三阶段）时，E* 达到最低值。所提出的评估火山产物与其形态相关的方法可以应用于安第斯山脉中部和其他地方的其他火山建筑物。