BACKGROUND The differences in anatomical structure between men and women are widely known. Unfortunately, the influence of gender on the biomechanics of a healthy knee joint during gait is still poorly understood. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of the presented study was to determine loads acting in the knee joint during gait, based on the observation of a large group of healthy young adults, in particular to determine the influence of gender on values of forces and moments and their time characteristics during gait cycle. METHODS Time-spatial gait parameters and ground reaction force were registered for 86 persons (43 females and 43 males) using a motion capture system and force plates. The numerical simulation with the AnyBody system was used to estimate loadings acting in the knee joint. Differences between women and men were tested using the unpaired Student's t-test with a Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The maximum values of loadings acting in the knee joint were: 411.1 %BW (body weight) for resultant force, 390.6 %BW for proximo-distal force, 110.8 %BW for antero-posterior force, 77.0 %BW for medio-lateral force, 2.63 %BWh (body weight times height) for flexion/extension moment, 0.97 %BWh for internal/external rotation moment and 5.7 %BWh for abduction/adduction moment. In general, the normalised forces were greater in the male group, while the normalised external moments acting on the knee were greater in the female group. Local extrema of forces during the stance phase were observed earlier for women. SIGNIFICANCE Knowledge about gender differences in loadings acting in the knee joint can be of great importance in the case of detecting the early stages of gait abnormalities and treatment planning.

中文翻译：

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步态中膝关节负荷的性别差异。

背景技术男女之间在解剖结构上的差异是众所周知的。不幸的是，人们对步态期间性别对健康膝关节生物力学的影响的了解仍然很少。研究问题本研究的目的是基于对一大群健康的年轻成年人的观察结果，确定步态下膝关节的负荷，尤其是确定性别对力量，力矩和时间的影响。步态周期中的特征。方法使用运动捕捉系统和测力板记录了86人（43位女性和43位男性）的时空步态参数和地面反作用力。使用AnyBody系统进行的数值模拟可估算作用在膝关节上的载荷。使用未配对的学生t检验和Bonferroni校正来检验男女之间的差异。结果膝关节的最大负重为：合力为411.1％BW（体重），近端向力为390.6％BW，前后路为110.8％BW，中向侧力为77.0％BW ，弯曲/伸展力矩为2.63％BWh（体重乘以身高），内部/外部旋转力矩为0.97％BWh，外展/内收力矩为5.7％BWh。一般而言，男性组的归一化力较大，而女性组中作用在膝盖上的归一化外部力矩较大。较早地观察到妇女在站立阶段的局部力量过大。