The present work reports behaviors regarding the formation and collapse of a ventilated supercavity while varying the cavitator shapes, including triangle, disk, and cone and varying mounting struts. Three cavitators with the same frontal area are fabricated with 3D printing and mounted on a forward facing model (FFM). The ventilation requirements to generate (C_Qf) and sustain (C_Qc) a supercavity are tested over a wide range of Froude number (Fr) for each cavitator and compared with backward facing model(BFM). Compared to the triangle and disk cavitators, the cone-shaped cavitator requires the least amount of air to generate a supercavity in nearly all of the tested flow regime except very high Fr. The C_Qc of disk FFM is lower than that of its BFM counterpart at small Fr and exceeds the BFM C_Qc with further increase of Fr. The cone cavitator has the smallest C_Qc among all the cavitators across the range of Fr in our experiments. Simultaneous internal pressure and cavity dimension measurements are conducted to elucidate the cavity sustenance behaviors. The cone-generated cavity yields a significantly smaller maximum diameter and a shorter half-length. Cavity geometric information and cavity pressure measurements with high-speed imaging of re-entrant jet are employed to estimate the re-entrant jet momentum under different Fr for disk and cone cavitators. The estimated re-entrant jet momentum shows reasonable match with the ventilation air momentum under C_Qc in lower Fr for both cavitator cases, with the disk cavitator case yielding significantly stronger re-entrant jet, providing support to the re-entrant jet mechanism governing on the cavity collapse. Our study sheds some light on the cavitator design and ventilation strategy for a supercavitating vehicle in practice.

中文翻译：

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安装支柱和空化器形状对通风超空泡通风需求的影响

目前的工作报告了在改变空化器形状（包括三角形、圆盘和锥形）以及不同的安装支柱时，通风超空腔的形成和坍塌的行为。三个具有相同正面面积的空化器通过 3D 打印制造并安装在前向模型 (FFM) 上。生成 (C_Qf) 和维持 (C_Qc) 超空腔的通风要求在每个空化器的宽弗劳德数 (Fr) 范围内进行测试，并与后向模型 (BFM) 进行比较。与三角形和圆盘空化器相比，锥形空化器在几乎所有测试流态中需要最少的空气来产生超空腔，除了非常高的 Fr。磁盘 FFM 的 C_Qc 在小 Fr 时低于其 BFM 对应物的 C_Qc，并在 Fr 进一步增加时超过 BFM C_Qc。在我们的实验中，锥形空化器在 Fr 范围内的所有空化器中具有最小的 C_Qc。同时进行内部压力和腔体尺寸测量以阐明腔体寄托行为。锥形腔产生明显更小的最大直径和更短的半长。腔几何信息和腔压力测量以及高速成像的重入射流被用来估计盘形和锥形空化器在不同 Fr 下的再入射流动量。对于两种空化器情况，估计的再入射流动量与 C_Qc 下的通风空气动量显示出合理匹配，圆盘空化器情况下产生明显更强的再入射流，为控制在空腔塌陷。