OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative frequency and relative risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) attributed to traumatic brain injury (TBI). DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase were searched from database inception until January 26, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Two independent investigators screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. We selected studies that included subjects presenting with TBI, and where the number of subjects with TBI and PTSD could be extrapolated. There were no restrictions on study design. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by two independent investigators and results were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS In civilian populations, relative frequency of PTSD following TBI was 12.2% after 3 months (CI-95 (7.6 to 16.8%) I2 = 83.1%), 16.3% after 6 months (CI-95 (10.2 to 22.4%), I2 = 88.4%), 18.6% after 12 months (CI-95 (10.2 to 26.9%), I2 = 91.5%), and 11.0% after 24 months (CI-95 (0.0 to 25.8%), I2 = 92.0%). Relative risk was 1.67 after 3 months (CI-95 (1.17 to 2.38), P = 0.011, I2 = 49%), 1.36 after 6 months (CI-95 (0.81 to 2.30), P = 0.189, I2 = 34%), and 1.70 after 12 months (CI-95 (1.16-2.50), P = 0.014, I2 = 89%). In military populations, the relative frequency of associated PTSD was 48.2% (CI-95 (44.3 to 52.1%), I2 = 100%) with a relative risk of 2.33 (CI-95 (2.00 to 2.72), P < 0.0001, I2 = 99.9%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TBI is a risk factor for PTSD in clinic-based civilian populations. There are insufficient data to assess the relative frequency or relative risk of PTSD in moderate to severe TBI. Due to significant between-study heterogeneity, the findings of our study should be interpreted with caution.

中文翻译：

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创伤性脑损伤后的创伤后应激障碍-系统评价和荟萃分析。

目的评估创伤性脑损伤（TBI）引起的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的相对频率和相对风险。数据来源从数据库开始到2019年1月26日，对PubMed和Embase进行了搜索。研究选择两名独立研究人员筛选了标题，摘要和全文。我们选择的研究包括表现为TBI的受试者，并可以推断TBI和PTSD的受试者数量。研究设计没有任何限制。数据提取与综合由两名独立的研究人员提取数据，并使用随机效应荟萃分析汇总结果。结果在平民人群中，TBI后PTSD的相对频率在3个月后为12.2％（CI-95（7.6至16.8％）I2 = 83.1％），6个月后为16.3％（CI-95（10.2至22.4％），I2 = 88.4％），18。12个月后为6％（CI-95（10.2至26.9％），I2 = 91.5％），以及24个月后为11.0％（CI-95（0.0至25.8％），I2 = 92.0％）。3个月后相对风险为1.67（CI-95（1.17至2.38），P = 0.011，I2 = 49％），6个月后1.36（CI-95（0.81至2.30），P = 0.189，I2 = 34％） ，以及12个月后的1.70（CI-95（1.16-2.50），P = 0.014，I2 = 89％）。在军事人群中，相关PTSD的相对频率为48.2％（CI-95（44.3至52.1％），I2 = 100％），相对风险为2.33（CI-95（2.00至2.72），P <0.0001，I2 = 99.9％）。结论和相关性TBI是以诊所为基础的平民人群PTSD的危险因素。没有足够的数据评估中度至重度TBI的PTSD相对频率或相对风险。由于研究之间存在很大的异质性，因此我们的研究结果应谨慎解释。