Purpose of Review

Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a toxicity of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) that can be highly morbid and at times fatal. Here, we review the proposed biologic mechanisms of CIP, epidemiology and risk factors for CIP development, diagnostic work-up and management strategies for CIP, and future directions of CIP research.

Recent Findings

CIP incidence appears to be greater in real-world populations and may continue to rise as FDA approvals for ICB continue to expand to multiple malignancies. Multiple retrospective studies and case series have identified potential risk factors for CIP. Several society guidelines have helped to unify the classification of CIP severity and standardize treatment approaches but significant gaps remain, including formal validated diagnostic criteria for CIP.

Summary

While significant strides have been made in enhancing the knowledge and management of CIP, ongoing research is needed to continue to advance our understanding of the biologic underpinnings of CIP, as well as optimize diagnostic and management strategies for this potentially devastating toxicity.

中文翻译：

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检查点抑制剂肺炎：机制、特征、管理策略等。

审查目的

检查点抑制剂肺炎 (CIP) 是免疫检查点阻断 (ICB) 的一种毒性，可能是高度病态的，有时甚至是致命的。在这里，我们回顾了 CIP 的拟议生物学机制、CIP 发展的流行病学和风险因素、CIP 的诊断检查和管理策略，以及 CIP 研究的未来方向。

最近的发现

CIP 发生率在现实世界人群中似乎更高，并且随着 FDA 对 ICB 的批准继续扩展到多种恶性肿瘤，CIP 发生率可能会继续上升。多项回顾性研究和病例系列已经确定了 CIP 的潜在风险因素。一些社会指南有助于统一 CIP 严重程度的分类和标准化治疗方法，但仍然存在重大差距，包括正式验证的 CIP 诊断标准。

概括

虽然在增强 CIP 的知识和管理方面取得了重大进展，但仍需进行持续研究以继续推进我们对 CIP 生物学基础的理解，并优化针对这种潜在破坏性毒性的诊断和管理策略。