Surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis is a powerful biosurfactant in food, cosmetics, and pesticide industries. However, its suitability in wound healing applications is uncertain. In this article, we determined the effects of surfactin A from B. subtilis on wound healing, angiogenesis, cell migration, inflammatory response, and scar formation. The results indicated that 80.65 ± 2.03% of surfactin A-treated wounds were closed, whereas 44.30 ± 4.26% of the vehicle-treated wound areas remained open on day 7 (P < 0.05). In mechanisms, it upregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), accelerated keratinocyte migration through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and regulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage phenotypic switch. More attractive, surfactin A showed a seductive capability to inhibit scar tissue formation by affecting the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Overall, the study revealed a new function and potential of surfactin A as an affordable and efficient wound healing drug.

中文翻译：

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枯草芽孢杆菌表面活性蛋白A在促进伤口愈合和抑制疤痕中的新型生物医学功能。

枯草芽孢杆菌产生的表面活性素在食品，化妆品和农药行业中是一种功能强大的生物表面活性剂。但是，其在伤口愈合应用中的适用性尚不确定。在本文中，我们确定了枯草芽孢杆菌表面活性素A对伤口愈合，血管生成，细胞迁移，炎症反应和疤痕形成的影响。结果表明，经表面活性素A处理的伤口为80.65±2.03％闭合，而经媒介物处理的伤口区域在第7天仍为开放状态（P.<0.05）。在机制上，它上调了缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达，通过有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）和核因子-κB（NF-κB）加速了角质形成细胞迁移。信号通路，并调节促炎细胞因子和巨噬细胞表型转换的分泌。更吸引人的是，表面活性素A通过影响α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和转化生长因子（TGF-β）的表达，具有抑制瘢痕组织形成的诱人能力。总体而言，该研究揭示了表面活性素A作为负担得起的高效伤口愈合药物的新功能和潜力。