Recent advances in the chemistry of peptides containing fluorinated phenylalanines (Phe) represents a hot topic in drug research over the last few decades. ᴅ- or ʟ-fluorinated phenylalanines have had considerable industrial and pharmaceutical applications and they have been expanded also to play an important role as potential enzyme inhibitors as well as therapeutic agents and topography imaging of tumor ecosystems using PET. Incorporation of fluorinated aromatic amino acids into proteins increases their catabolic stability especially in therapeutic proteins and peptide-based vaccines. This review seeks to summarize the different synthetic approaches in the literature to prepare ᴅ- or ʟ-fluorinated phenylalanines and their pharmaceutical applications with a focus on published synthetic methods that introduce fluorine into the phenyl, the β-carbon or the α-carbon of ᴅ-or ʟ-phenylalanines.

中文翻译：

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氟化苯丙氨酸：合成和制药应用。

含氟苯丙氨酸（Phe）的肽化学的最新进展是过去几十年来药物研究的热门话题。ᴅ-或ʟ-氟代苯丙氨酸已在工业和制药领域得到了广泛应用，并且已被扩展以发挥潜在的酶抑制剂，治疗剂和使用PET对肿瘤生态系统进行地形成像的重要作用。将氟代芳香族氨基酸掺入蛋白质可提高其分解代谢稳定性，尤其是在治疗性蛋白质和基于肽的疫苗中。这篇综述旨在总结文献中制备ᴅ-或ʟ-氟代苯丙氨酸的不同合成方法及其药物应用，重点是将氟引入苯基的合成方法，