Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most widespread and disabling neurological conditions, accounting for half of all neuropathy cases worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, no approved disease modifying therapies exist. There is now a growing body of evidence that DPN secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents different disease processes, with T2DM DPN best understood within the context of metabolic syndrome rather than hyperglycemia. In this review, we highlight currently understood mechanisms of DPN, along with their corresponding potential therapeutic targets. We frame this discussion within a practical overview of how the field evolved from initial human observations to murine pathomechanistic and therapeutic models into ongoing and human clinical trials, with particular emphasis on T2DM DPN and metabolic syndrome.

中文翻译：

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关于血脂异常，生物能学和炎症在糖尿病周围神经病的发病机理和治疗中作用的概念不断发展。

糖尿病性周围神经病（DPN）是最广泛且致残的神经系统疾病之一，占全世界所有神经病病例的一半。尽管其流行率很高，但不存在批准的疾病改良疗法。现在越来越多的证据表明，继发于1型糖尿病（T1DM）和2型糖尿病（T2DM）的DPN代表不同的疾病过程，其中T2DM DPN在代谢综合征而非高血糖的背景下得到了最好的理解。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了DPN的当前理解机制及其相应的潜在治疗靶点。我们将在有关该领域如何从最初的人类观察到鼠类病理机制和治疗模型演变为正在进行的和人类临床试验的实践概述中进行讨论。