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Acoustic scattering layers reveal a faunal connection across the Fram Strait
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102348 Harald Gjøsæter , Randi Ingvaldsen , Jørgen S. Christiansen
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102348 Harald Gjøsæter , Randi Ingvaldsen , Jørgen S. Christiansen
Abstract Acoustic scattering layers (SL) at various depths are common phenomena in most oceans, but the organisms that make up these layers vary and so does their density, and hence the backscattered energy. During two crossings of the deep Fram Strait between the shelves at Svalbard and Northeast Greenland at latitudes 77°N and 79°N, we registered epipelagic and mesopelagic SL across the entire Fram Strait and quantified their acoustic backscattered energy. In addition, one pelagic trawl haul was made at each crossing together with a CTD cast at the northern crossing. The epipelagic SL was present at 0–200 m depth, whereas the mesopelagic SL was located at 300–500 m depth during day and at shallower depths during night indicating diel vertical migrations. The epipelagic SL consisted of young-of-the-year fishes, mostly redfish Sebastes sp. No trawl hauls were made in the mesopelagic SL, and the identity of organisms is unknown. Few strong echoes from single targets at mesopelagic depths stood out from the rest of the targets and were interpreted as adult Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. This is the first report of scattering layers covering the whole distance of the deep parts of the Fram Strait, and strengthen the assumption about an east–west connection of organisms and young-of-the-year fishes originating from the spawning grounds along the Norwegian coast and the western Barents Sea towards Northeast Greenland.
中文翻译:
声学散射层揭示了弗拉姆海峡的动物群系联系
摘要 不同深度的声散射层 (SL) 是大多数海洋中的常见现象,但构成这些层的生物各不相同,它们的密度也不同,因此背散射能量也不同。在斯瓦尔巴德群岛和格陵兰岛东北部大陆架之间的两个深弗拉姆海峡穿越 77°N 和 79°N 的过程中,我们记录了整个弗拉姆海峡的上层和中层 SL,并量化了它们的声学反向散射能量。此外,在每个过境点进行了一次远洋拖网捕捞,并在北部过境点进行了一次 CTD。上层 SL 存在于 0-200 m 深度,而中层 SL 在白天位于 300-500 m 深度,在夜间位于较浅的深度,表明日间垂直迁移。上层 SL 由年幼鱼组成,主要是红鱼 Sebastes sp。在中层 SL 中没有进行拖网捕捞,生物的身份未知。来自中层深度单个目标的强烈回波很少从其他目标中脱颖而出,被解释为成年大西洋鳕鱼 Gadus morhua。这是覆盖弗拉姆海峡深部整个距离的散射层的第一次报告,并加强了关于源自挪威沿岸产卵场的生物和年幼鱼的东西向联系的假设。海岸和巴伦支海西部朝向格陵兰岛东北部。
更新日期:2020-06-01
中文翻译:
声学散射层揭示了弗拉姆海峡的动物群系联系
摘要 不同深度的声散射层 (SL) 是大多数海洋中的常见现象,但构成这些层的生物各不相同,它们的密度也不同,因此背散射能量也不同。在斯瓦尔巴德群岛和格陵兰岛东北部大陆架之间的两个深弗拉姆海峡穿越 77°N 和 79°N 的过程中,我们记录了整个弗拉姆海峡的上层和中层 SL,并量化了它们的声学反向散射能量。此外,在每个过境点进行了一次远洋拖网捕捞,并在北部过境点进行了一次 CTD。上层 SL 存在于 0-200 m 深度,而中层 SL 在白天位于 300-500 m 深度,在夜间位于较浅的深度,表明日间垂直迁移。上层 SL 由年幼鱼组成,主要是红鱼 Sebastes sp。在中层 SL 中没有进行拖网捕捞,生物的身份未知。来自中层深度单个目标的强烈回波很少从其他目标中脱颖而出,被解释为成年大西洋鳕鱼 Gadus morhua。这是覆盖弗拉姆海峡深部整个距离的散射层的第一次报告,并加强了关于源自挪威沿岸产卵场的生物和年幼鱼的东西向联系的假设。海岸和巴伦支海西部朝向格陵兰岛东北部。