Total dissolved solids (TDS) is one of the main impurities in the mixing water that can influence the properties of concrete, and therefore, the codes of practice limit the concentration of TDS in water used for producing concrete. The present study investigates the effect of TDS present in the mixing water on the properties of concrete in fresh and hardened states. Concrete mixtures were prepared using water with different selected concentrations of TDS (500, 1000, 5000, and 15000 ppm) keeping the proportions of the main ingredients invariant. Experimental tests including workability, initial setting time, air content, compressive strength, water absorption, water permeability, chloride permeability, and electrical resistivity were conducted. The results showed that the workability and initial setting time were reduced with increase in the TDS concentration, however, these properties remained within the acceptable limits as specified by ASTM C191-18a. At higher concentrations of the TDS, air content and water absorption of concrete deceased by about 31% and 6%, respectively, and compressive strength increased by about 20%, indicating positive effect of the higher concentration of TDS on the quality of concrete. However, the compressive strength was found to be slightly lower at the TDS content of 15000 ppm. Resistance against water penetration and electrical resistivity of concrete decreased slightly at higher TDS concentrations, however, water permeability class and the likelihood of reinforcement corrosion remained unaffected. The chloride permeability increased from moderate to high level when TDS concentration exceeded 1000 ppm. Based on the finding of this study, it may be concluded that the waters having TDS up to 1000 ppm can be recycled for concrete production that would benefit in cost reduction and conservation of water resources.

总溶解固体（TDS）是混合水中可能影响混凝土性能的主要杂质之一，因此，操作规范限制了TDS在生产混凝土的水中的浓度。本研究调查了混合水中存在的TDS对新鲜和硬化状态下混凝土性能的影响。使用具有不同选定TDS浓度（500、1000、5000和15000 ppm）的水制备混凝土混合物，同时保持主要成分的比例不变。进行了包括可加工性，初始凝固时间，空气含量，抗压强度，吸水率，水渗透性，氯化物渗透性和电阻率在内的实验测试。结果表明，可加工性和初始凝固时间随TDS浓度的增加而降低，但是，这些性能仍保持在ASTM C191-18a规定的可接受范围内。在较高的TDS浓度下，混凝土的空气含量和吸水率分别降低了约31％和6％，抗压强度提高了约20％，这表明较高浓度的TDS对混凝土质量有积极作用。然而，发现在15000ppm的TDS含量下，抗压强度略低。在较高的TDS浓度下，混凝土的抗水渗透性和电阻率略有下降，但是，水渗透性等级和增强腐蚀的可能性仍然不受影响。当TDS浓度超过1000 ppm时，氯化物的渗透性从中等水平增加到较高水平。根据这项研究的发现，可以得出结论，可以将TDS高达1000 ppm的水再循环用于混凝土生产，这将有利于降低成本和节约水资源。