Abstract A hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) system can provide cost-effective heating and cooling for buildings. This system is normally designed to minimise lifetime costs. However, the lowest lifetime cost solution is typically not the one with the lowest emissions. With the recent increase in the awareness of climate change, society often desires to minimise the emissions generated from heating and cooling systems. In this paper, an HGSHP system design method is proposed with the objective that considers both costs and emissions by using a Pareto optimal approach. The design of such system is affected by the climatic conditions, the efficiency of the heating and cooling systems, the energy price and emissions for electricity and gas at each location. Potential changes in these factors are also investigated in this paper.

中文翻译：

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混合地源热泵系统环境评价

摘要 混合地源热泵（HGSHP）系统可以为建筑物提供经济高效的供暖和制冷。该系统通常旨在最大限度地减少生命周期成本。然而，生命周期成本最低的解决方案通常不是排放量最低的解决方案。随着最近对气候变化意识的提高，社会往往希望最大限度地减少加热和冷却系统产生的排放。在本文中，提出了一种 HGSHP 系统设计方法，其目标是通过使用帕累托最优方法同时考虑成本和排放。这种系统的设计受气候条件、加热和冷却系统的效率、能源价格以及每个地点的电力和天然气排放的影响。本文还研究了这些因素的潜在变化。