Here we determined mitogenomes of three Bostrichiformia species. These data were combined with 51 previously sequenced Polyphaga mitogenomes to explore the higher-level relationships within Polyphaga by using four different mitogenomic datasets and three tree inference approaches. Among Polyphaga mitogenomes we observed heterogeneity in nucleotide composition and evolutionary rates, which may have affected phylogenetic inferences across the different mitogenomic datasets. Elateriformia, Cucujiformia, and Scarabaeiformia were each inferred to be monophyletic by all analyses, as was Bostrichiformia by most analyses based on two datasets with low heterogeneity. The large series Staphyliniformia was never recovered as monophyletic in our analyses. The Bayesian tree using a degenerated nucleotide dataset (P123_Degen) and a site-heterogeneous mixture model in PhyloBayes was supported as the best Polyphaga phylogeny: (Scirtiformia, (Elateriformia, ((Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia), (Scarabaeiformia + Staphyliniformia)))). For Cucujiformia, the largest series, we inferred a superfamily-level phylogeny: ((Cleroidea, Coccinelloidea), (Tenebrionoidea, (Cucujoidea + Curculionoidea + Chrysomeloidea))).

中文翻译：

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三种 Bostrichiformia 物种的线粒体基因组和多食性（昆虫纲，鞘翅目）的系统发育分析。

在这里，我们确定了三种 Bostrichiformia 物种的有丝分裂基因组。这些数据与 51 个先前测序的 Polyphaga 有丝分裂基因组相结合，通过使用四个不同的有丝分裂基因组数据集和三个树推理方法来探索 Polyphaga 内部的更高级别的关系。在 Polyphaga mitogenomes 中，我们观察到核苷酸组成和进化速率的异质性，这可能影响了不同线粒体基因组数据集的系统发育推断。所有分析都推断 Elateriformia、Cucujiformia 和 Scarabaeiformia 是单系的，大多数基于两个低异质性数据集的分析都推断 Bostrichiformia 是单系的。在我们的分析中，大系列葡萄球菌从未恢复为单系。使用退化核苷酸数据集 (P123_Degen) 和 PhyloBayes 中的位点异构混合模型的贝叶斯树被支持为最好的多食菌系统发育：(Scirtiformia, (Elateriformia, ((Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia), (Scarabaeiformia + Staphyliniformia)))。对于最大的系列 Cucujiformia，我们推断出超科级别的系统发育：((Cleroidea, Coccinelloidea), (Tenebrionoidea, (Cucujoidea + Curculionoidea + Chrysomeloidea)))。