Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a valuable food and medicinal plant. Its pharmacological activities are mainly attributed to its secondary metabolites. As a non-model plant, there is a lack of reference sequence information for ginger. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of active compounds has important practical value for molecular breeding and the medicinal use of ginger. Gingerol constituents differ substantially between the aboveground stem and underground rhizome, with gingerols mainly accumulating in the rhizome. Therefore, de novo transcriptome sequencing was performed compare the expression of genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis between the two tissues. We obtained 219 479 unigenes after removing low-mass and linker sequences. The unigenes were assembled using Trinity software and compared with the Swiss-Prot, Nr, and KEGG databases for functional annotation. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ginger rhizome (Rh-M) and stem (St-M) samples met the following criteria: FDR ≤ 0.005 and |log 2-fold change| ≥ 3. In total, there were 1418 DEGs between the two tissues (611 genes upregulated in Rh-M vs. St-M and 807 genes downregulated). 11 of these DEGs upregulated in the rhizome were related to the biosynthesis of pharmacologically active compounds, particularly terpenoids, diarylheptanoids, gingerols, and flavonoids, and to plant hormone signal transduction. We speculate that plant hormone signaling might play roles in regulating the biosynthesis of gingerols and other metabolites in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway in the rhizome. These results provide genome resources and information that will be useful for the molecular breeding in ginger.

中文翻译：

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转录组分析揭示了生姜根茎与地上干生物活性化合物生物合成差异的遗传基础。

摘要

生姜（Zingiber officinale Rosc 。）是一种有价值的食品和药用植物。其药理活性主要归因于其次生代谢产物。作为非模型植物，姜的参考序列信息不足。了解活性化合物生物合成的分子机理对生姜的分子育种和药用具有重要的实用价值。地上茎和地下根茎之间的姜醇成分有很大不同，姜醇主要在根茎中积累。因此，进行了从头转录组测序，比较了两个组织之间与次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因的表达。在去除低质量和接头序列后，我们获得了219479个单基因。使用Trinity软件组装了单基因，并与Swiss-Prot，Nr，和KEGG数据库进行功能注释。差异表达基因生姜根茎（Rh-M）和茎（St-M）样品之间的DEG s满足以下标准：FDR≤0.005和| log 2倍变化| ≥3.在总共有1418 DEG两种组织之间秒（在铑-M上调611个基因VS 。圣-M和807个基因下调）。这些DEG中的11个根茎中的上调与植物药理活性化合物的生物合成有关，特别是萜类，二芳基庚类，姜醇和类黄酮，以及植物激素信号转导。我们推测植物激素信号传导可能在调节根茎中苯丙烷代谢途径中姜醇和其他代谢物的生物合成中发挥作用。这些结果提供了基因组资源和信息，将对生姜的分子育种有用。