Abstract

Composition and content of fatty acids were examined in total lipids of pericarpic tissues in the oriental wild apple (Malus orientalis Uglitzk.) grown in mountain regions of the North Caucasus. The fatty acids (FA) in pericarp outer layers (epidermis and hypodermis) and pericarp parenchymal parts were characterized by a comparatively low unsaturation index (UI): 0.902 and 1.115, respectively. This was caused by a relatively low content of polyunsaturated FA (34% in the outer pericarp parts and 45% in the pericarp parenchyma) with respect to the total FA content as well as by high level of saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) (15% in the pericarp outer parts). These values are in a marked contrast to those previously found for a similarly distributed cultural apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) that originated from M. orientalis as a parental species. The sum of diene- and triene-containing FA in M. domestica reached 59 and 76% in the pericarpic outer and parenchymal parts, respectively, and the sum of all VLCFA in the outer part of the pericarp did not exceed 1.7%. Such significant differences in fatty acid composition of lipids for related Malus species appeared during long-term selection of the domestic apple tree. On the one hand, M. orientalis, featuring a relatively low UI due to specific fatty acid composition of lipids, is less adapted to temperature stress and drought. In M. domestica, the cold and drought tolerance is corrected by artificial selection for this trait during breeding of cultivated varieties. On the other hand, the lipids of the oriental apple contain a high amount of VLCFA, which probably restricts the pericarp growth by regulating cell proliferation. At the same time, the abundance of VLCFA enhances plant resistance to fungal diseases, a property lost during the breeding of domestic apple.

中文翻译：

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东方海棠总脂中脂肪酸含量和组成的区别特征 果皮

摘要

在北高加索山区生长的东方野苹果（Malus Orientalis Uglitzk。）的果皮组织总脂质中检测了脂肪酸的组成和含量。果皮外层（表皮和皮下组织）和果皮实质部分中的脂肪酸（FA）的特征在于相对较低的不饱和指数（UI）：分别为0.902和1.115。这是由于相对于总FA含量而言，多不饱和FA含量相对较低（外果皮部分为34％，果皮薄壁组织中为45％），以及高含量的饱和超长链脂肪酸（ VLCFA）（果皮外部占15％）。这些值是一个鲜明的对比以前发现了类似的分布式文化苹果树那些（海棠斯蒂卡（Borkh。）起源于东方分枝杆菌作为亲本物种。的总和二烯和FA在含有三烯家蝇在pericarpic外和实质份达到59和76％，分别与所有VLCFA在果皮的外部部分的总和不超过1.7％。脂质的脂肪酸组成这样的显著差异相关海棠国内苹果树的长期选择过程中出现的物种。一方面，由于脂质的特定脂肪酸组成，东方分枝杆菌的UI相对较低，因此不太适应温度胁迫和干旱。在家蝇，在栽培品种的育种过程中通过人工选择该性状来校正其耐寒干旱性。另一方面，东方苹果的脂质含有大量的VLCFA，这很可能通过调节细胞增殖来限制果皮的生长。同时，丰富的VLCFA增强了植物对真菌病的抵抗力，而真菌病是在国内苹果育种过程中丧失的特性。