As the application of energy-absorption structure reaches an unprecedented scale in both academia and industry, a reflection upon the state-of-the-art developments in the crashworthiness design and structural optimization, becomes vital for successfully shaping the future energy-absorption structure. Physical impacting test and numerical simulation are the main methods to study the crashworthiness of railway vehicles at present. The end collision deformation area of the train can generally be divided into two kinds of structural design forms: integral absorbing structure design form and specific energy absorbing structure design form, and different energy-absorption structures introduced in this article can be equipped on different railway vehicles, so as to meet the balance of crashworthiness and economy. In pursuit of improving the capacity of energy dissipation in energy-absorption structures, studies are increasingly investigating multistage energy absorption systems, searching breakthrough when the energy dissipation capacity of the energy-absorption structure reaches its limit. In order to minimize injuries, a self-protective posture for occupants is also studied. Despite the abundance of energy-absorption structure research methods to-date, the problems of analysis and prediction during impact are still scarce, which is constituting one of many key challenges for the future.

随着能量吸收结构的应用在学术界和工业界达到前所未有的规模，对防撞性设计和结构优化方面的最新发展的反思对于成功塑造未来的能量吸收结构至关重要。物理冲击试验和数值模拟是目前研究铁路车辆防撞性能的主要方法。列车的末端碰撞变形区域一般可分为两种结构设计形式：整体吸收结构设计形式和比能量吸收结构设计形式，本文介绍的不同的能量吸收结构可适用于不同的铁路车辆，以达到耐撞性和经济性之间的平衡。为了提高能量吸收结构的能量消散能力，越来越多的研究正在研究多级能量吸收系统，当能量吸收结构的能量消散能力达到其极限时寻求突破。为了最小化伤害，还研究了乘员的自我保护姿势。尽管迄今为止有大量的能量吸收结构研究方法，但是冲击过程中的分析和预测问题仍然很少，这构成了未来许多关键挑战之一。还研究了乘员的自我保护姿势。尽管迄今为止有大量的能量吸收结构研究方法，但是冲击过程中的分析和预测问题仍然很少，这构成了未来许多关键挑战之一。还研究了乘员的自我保护姿势。尽管迄今为止有大量的能量吸收结构研究方法，但是冲击过程中的分析和预测问题仍然很少，这构成了未来许多关键挑战之一。