Abstract This study extended the norm activation model in the context of litter reduction to explain self-managing (e.g., avoiding littering) and other-managing (e.g., picking up litter) behaviors. Although those kinds of behaviors are conceptually distinct, prior research has not explained differences in their prediction. This study addresses that gap by considering the roles of community attachment and anticipated negative emotion in other-managing behavior. The addition of those predictors creates a second explanatory pathway in the norm activation model. Results showed awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and community attachment predicted personal norm (R2 = 0.54), which predicted self-managing behavior (R2 = 0.45). Awareness of consequences, community attachment, and personal norm predicted anticipated negative emotion (R2 = 0.40), which predicted other-managing behavior (R2 = 0.06). Self- and other-managing behaviors were moderately correlated (r = 0.42). These results show distinct pathways to the two different kinds of behaviors. They emphasize the importance of instilling in individuals not only a personal norm, but a sense of belonging in their community. The discussion highlights avenues for future research, proposing further model extension to explain civic engagement as a subset of other-managing behavior.

中文翻译：

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关注他人的事务：扩展规范激活模型中的社区依恋和预期负面情绪

摘要 本研究在减少垃圾的背景下扩展了规范激活模型，以解释自我管理（例如，避免乱扔垃圾）和其他管理（例如，捡起垃圾）行为。尽管这些类型的行为在概念上是不同的，但先前的研究并没有解释它们预测的差异。本研究通过考虑社区依恋和预期负面情绪在其他管理行为中的作用来解决这一差距。这些预测因子的添加在规范激活模型中创建了第二条解释途径。结果表明，后果意识、责任归属和社区依恋预测了个人规范（R2 = 0.54），预测了自我管理行为（R2 = 0.45）。后果意识，社区依恋，个人规范预测预期的负面情绪（R2 = 0.40），预测其他管理行为（R2 = 0.06）。自我管理和其他管理行为中等相关（r = 0.42）。这些结果显示了两种不同行为的不同途径。他们强调不仅要向个人灌输个人规范，还要向他们灌输对社区的归属感的重要性。讨论突出了未来研究的途径，提出了进一步的模型扩展，以将公民参与解释为其他管理行为的一个子集。他们强调不仅要向个人灌输个人规范，还要向他们灌输对社区的归属感的重要性。讨论突出了未来研究的途径，提出了进一步的模型扩展，以将公民参与解释为其他管理行为的一个子集。他们强调不仅要向个人灌输个人规范，还要向他们灌输对社区的归属感的重要性。讨论突出了未来研究的途径，提出了进一步的模型扩展，以将公民参与解释为其他管理行为的一个子集。