The emergence of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) disease had dramatic consequences to the citrus industry in Brazil. First reported in São Paulo State in 1987, this disease affected approximately 100 million sweet orange trees in the region 20 years later. However, current estimates indicate that the number of diseased trees has been reduced 25-fold since 2009. In this review we summarize research on CVC since its emergence, focusing on work that has contributed to the observed success in managing this disease in the field. Knowledge that CVC is caused by a bacterium ( Xylella fastidiosa - now classified as X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca ) that is transmited by infected plant material (grafting and nursery plant) and insect vectors, the citrus nursery production system switched in 2003 to a certification program in which plants are grown in insect proof screen-houses and routinely monitored for X. fastidiosa infection. Research triggered by the genome sequencing of a CVC isolate in 2000, the first plant pathogenic bacterium to have its complete genome sequenced, integrated molecular tools and approaches into research aimed at understanding the biology of this pathogen. Ultimately, the challenges imposed by CVC led to significant improvements in the scientific and technical knowledge linked to sweet orange production, and to the development of a more sustainable and resilient citrus industry in Brazil.

中文翻译：

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柑橘杂色褪绿症：30 年研究和疾病管理概述

柑橘杂色萎黄病 (CVC) 的出现对巴西的柑橘产业产生了巨大的影响。该病于 1987 年在圣保罗州首次报道，20 年后影响了该地区约 1 亿棵甜橙树。然而，目前的估计表明，自 2009 年以来，患病树木的数量减少了 25 倍。在这篇综述中，我们总结了自 CVC 出现以来的研究，重点关注有助于观察到在该领域成功管理这种疾病的工作。知道 CVC 是由一种细菌（Xylella fastidiosa - 现在归类为 X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca）引起的，该细菌通过受感染的植物材料（嫁接和苗圃植物）和昆虫载体传播，柑橘苗圃生产系统于 2003 年转为认证计划，在该计划中，植物在防虫网房中种植并定期监测 X. fastidiosa 感染。由 2000 年 CVC 分离株的基因组测序引发的研究，这是第一个对其完整基因组进行测序的植物病原菌，将分子工具和方法整合到旨在了解该病原体生物学的研究中。最终，CVC 带来的挑战导致了与甜橙生产相关的科学和技术知识的显着改进，并促进了巴西更可持续和更有弹性的柑橘产业的发展。它是第一个对其完整基因组进行测序的植物病原细菌，将分子工具和方法整合到旨在了解该病原体生物学的研究中。最终，CVC 带来的挑战导致了与甜橙生产相关的科学和技术知识的显着改进，并促进了巴西更可持续和更有弹性的柑橘产业的发展。它是第一个对其完整基因组进行测序的植物病原细菌，将分子工具和方法整合到旨在了解该病原体生物学的研究中。最终，CVC 带来的挑战导致了与甜橙生产相关的科学和技术知识的显着改进，并促进了巴西更可持续和更有弹性的柑橘产业的发展。