Surface mining activities, despite their benefits, lead to the deterioration of local and regional environmental quality and play a role in global ecosystem pollution. This research aimed to estimate the culturable microbial population structure at five locations near the opencast coal mine “Kakanj” (Bosnia and Herzegovina) via agar plate and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) method and to establish its relationship to the physical and chemical properties of soil. Using the ICP-OES method, the heavy metal pollution of all examined locations (overburden, former grass yard, forest, arable soil, and greenhouse) was observed. Substantial variations among the sites regarding the most expressed indicators of heavy metal pollution were noted; Cr, Pb, Ni, and Cu content ranged from 63.17 to 524.47, 20.57 to 349.47, 139.13 to 2785.67, and 25.97 to 458.73 mg/kg, respectively. In the overburden sample, considerable low microbial activity was detected; the bacterial count was approximately 6- to 18-fold lower in comparison with the other samples. PLFA analysis showed the reduction of microbial diversity, reflected through the prevalence of normal and branched saturated fatty acids, their ratio (ranged from 0.92 to 7.13), and the absence of fungal marker 18:2ω6 fatty acid. The principal component analysis showed a strong negative impact of heavy metals Na and B on main microbial and PLFA profiles. In contrast, stock of main chemical parameters, including Ca, K, Fe, and pH, was positively correlated with the microbial community structure.

中文翻译：

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受煤矿开采影响的土壤中微生物群落组成的响应。

露天采矿活动尽管有好处，但会导致当地和区域环境质量的恶化，并在全球生态系统污染中发挥作用。本研究旨在通过琼脂平板和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）方法估算露天煤矿“ Kakanj”（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那）附近五个地方的可培养微生物种群结构，并建立与土壤理化性质的关系。 。使用ICP-OES方法，观察了所有检查地点（覆盖层，前草场，森林，耕地和温室）的重金属污染。注意到各地点之间关于最重金属污染指标最明显的差异；Cr，Pb，Ni和Cu含量范围从63.17至524.47、20.57至349.47、139.13至2785.67和25.97至458。73 mg / kg。在覆盖层样品中，检测到相当低的微生物活性。与其他样品相比，细菌数大约低6至18倍。PLFA分析表明，通过正常和支链饱和脂肪酸的流行，它们的比率（范围为0.92至7.13）和不存在真菌标记物18：2ω6脂肪酸，可以反映出微生物多样性的降低。主成分分析表明，重金属Na和B对微生物和PLFA的主要特征有很大的负面影响。相反，包括Ca，K，Fe和pH在内的主要化学参数的存量与微生物群落结构呈正相关。与其他样品相比，细菌数大约低6至18倍。PLFA分析表明，通过正常和支链饱和脂肪酸的流行，它们的比率（范围为0.92至7.13）和不存在真菌标记物18：2ω6脂肪酸，可以反映出微生物多样性的降低。主成分分析表明，重金属Na和B对微生物和PLFA的主要特征有很大的负面影响。相反，包括Ca，K，Fe和pH在内的主要化学参数的存量与微生物群落结构呈正相关。与其他样品相比，细菌数大约低6至18倍。PLFA分析表明，通过正常和支链饱和脂肪酸的流行，它们的比率（范围为0.92至7.13）和不存在真菌标记物18：2ω6脂肪酸，可以反映出微生物多样性的降低。主成分分析显示，重金属Na和B对微生物和PLFA的主要特征有很大的负面影响。相反，包括Ca，K，Fe和pH在内的主要化学参数的存量与微生物群落结构呈正相关。主成分分析表明，重金属Na和B对微生物和PLFA的主要特征有很大的负面影响。相反，包括Ca，K，Fe和pH在内的主要化学参数的存量与微生物群落结构呈正相关。主成分分析表明，重金属Na和B对微生物和PLFA的主要特征有很大的负面影响。相反，包括Ca，K，Fe和pH在内的主要化学参数的存量与微生物群落结构呈正相关。