The rapid development of human–machine interface technologies is dependent on flexible and wearable soft devices such as sensors and energy storage systems. One of the key factors for these devices is the hydrogel electrolyte. In this work, firstly we constructed an anti-freezing, self-healing, adhesive and tough conductive double network ionic organohydrogel by simultaneously introducing NaCl and glycerol (Gly) into poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic amide-acrylic acid) (PVA/PAMAA). Then, based on this organohydrogel, a strain sensor and a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor were assembled separately and their properties were measured. The fabricated strain sensor showed a highly sensitive response (gauge factor = 8.303) in a broad strain range (from 500 to 1000%), enabling the accurate and reliable detection of various mechanical deformations. Meanwhile, the flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor demonstrated a specific capacitance of 75.75 mF cm⁻², high cycling stability (90.2% retention rate after 5000 cycles) and excellent mechanical stability. Lastly, a self-powered integrated system composed of the strain sensor and flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor was fabricated. The sensor can be driven by the supercapacitor and operate stably in a wide strain range sensing test with low power consumption. More importantly, the self-powered integrated system could be directly attached to the human body to detect human motions, showing its great potential application in wearable devices. This work would enlarge the research and application of high-performance ionic hydrogel electrolytes.

中文翻译：

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使用高性能离子有机水凝胶的应变传感器和柔性全固态超级电容器的自供电集成系统

人机界面技术的迅速发展取决于柔性和可穿戴的软设备，例如传感器和能量存储系统。这些设备的关键因素之一是水凝胶电解质。在这项工作中，首先，我们通过同时将NaCl和甘油（Gly）引入聚乙烯醇/聚（丙烯酸酰胺-丙烯酸）（PVA）中，构建了一种防冻，自修复，粘合且坚韧的导电双网络离子有机水凝胶。 / PAMAA）。然后，基于该有机水凝胶，分别组装应变传感器和柔性全固态超级电容器，并测量它们的性能。制成的应变传感器在较宽的应变范围（500至1000％）中显示出高度灵敏的响应（应变系数= 8.303），从而能够准确可靠地检测各种机械变形。^-2，高循环稳定性（5000次循环后保留率为90.2％）和极好的机械稳定性。最后，构建了由应变传感器和柔性全固态超级电容器组成的自供电集成系统。该传感器可以由超级电容器驱动，并在低功耗的宽应变范围传感测试中稳定运行。更重要的是，自供电的集成系统可以直接连接到人体以检测人体运动，从而显示出其在可穿戴设备中的巨大潜力。这项工作将扩大高性能离子水凝胶电解质的研究和应用。