This study investigated metabolic, endocrine, appetite and mood responses to a maximal eating occasion in fourteen men (mean: age 28 (sd5) years, body mass 77·2 (sd6·6) kg and BMI 24·2 (sd2·2) kg/m2) who completed two trials in a randomised crossover design. On each occasion, participants ate a homogenous mixed-macronutrient meal (pizza). On one occasion, they ate until ‘comfortably full’ (ad libitum) and on the other, until they ‘could not eat another bite’ (maximal). Mean energy intake was double in the maximal (13 024 (95 % CI 10 964, 15 084) kJ; 3113 (95 % CI 2620, 3605) kcal) compared with thead libitumtrial (6627 (95 % CI 5708, 7547) kJ; 1584 (95 % CI 1364, 1804) kcal). Serum insulin incremental AUC (iAUC) increased approximately 1·5-fold in the maximal compared withad libitumtrial (mean:ad libitum43·8 (95 % CI 28·3, 59·3) nmol/l × 240 min and maximal 67·7 (95 % CI 47·0, 88·5) nmol/l × 240 min,P< 0·01), but glucose iAUC did not differ between trials (ad libitum94·3 (95 % CI 30·3, 158·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 126·5 (95 % CI 76·9, 176·0) mmol/l × 240 min,P= 0·19). TAG iAUC was approximately 1·5-fold greater in the maximalv.ad libitumtrial (ad libitum98·6 (95 % CI 69·9, 127·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 146·4 (95 % CI 88·6, 204·1) mmol/l × 240 min,P< 0·01). Total glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine iAUC were greater in the maximal compared withad libitumtrial (P< 0·05). Total ghrelin concentrations decreased to a similar extent, but AUC was slightly lower in the maximalv.ad libitumtrial (P= 0·02). There were marked differences on appetite and mood between trials, most notably maximal eating caused a prolonged increase in lethargy. Healthy men have the capacity to eat twice the energy content required to achieve comfortable fullness at a single meal. Postprandial glycaemia is well regulated following initial overeating, with elevated postprandial insulinaemia probably contributing.

中文翻译：

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男性对最大摄入量的生理反应

这项研究调查了 14 名男性（平均：28 岁（sd5）年，体重77·2（sd6·6) kg 和 BMI 24·2 (sd2·2) 公斤/米2) 在随机交叉设计中完成了两项试验。每次，参与者都吃一顿均质的混合宏量营养素餐（比萨饼）。有一次，他们吃到“舒服地饱”（随意），另一方面，直到他们“不能再吃一口”（最大）。最大平均能量摄入量（13 024 (95 % CI 10 964, 15 084) kJ; 3113 (95 % CI 2620, 3605) kcal）是随意试验 (6627 (95 % CI 5708, 7547) kJ; 1584 (95 % CI 1364, 1804) kcal)。血清胰岛素增量 AUC (iAUC) 最大增加约 1·5 倍随意审判（意思是：随意43·8 (95 % CI 28·3, 59·3) nmol/l × 240 min 和最大 67·7 (95 % CI 47·0, 88·5) nmol/l × 240 min,磷< 0·01），但试验之间的葡萄糖 iAUC 没有差异（随意94·3 (95 % CI 30·3, 158·2) mmol/l × 240 min 和最大 126·5 (95 % CI 76·9, 176·0) mmol/l × 240 min,磷= 0·19)。TAG iAUC 的最大值约为 1·5 倍v.随意审判 （随意98·6 (95 % CI 69·9, 127·2) mmol/l × 240 min 和最大 146·4 (95 % CI 88·6, 204·1) mmol/l × 240 min,磷< 0·01)。总胰高血糖素样肽-1、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素肽和肽酪氨酸-酪氨酸 iAUC 的最大值与随意审判 （磷< 0·05)。总生长素释放肽浓度以相似的程度下降，但 AUC 在最大值时略低v.随意审判 （磷= 0·02)。试验之间的食欲和情绪存在显着差异，最明显的是最大量进食导致嗜睡延长。健康的男性在一顿饭中摄入的能量是达到舒适饱腹所需能量的两倍。最初暴饮暴食后，餐后血糖得到很好的调节，可能与餐后胰岛素血症升高有关。