Abstract In a changing climate, sea level rise and projected regional–scale changes in storminess may increase the vulnerability of sandy coastlines to coastal erosion and flooding. As a result, there is increased interest in the development of adaptable, sustainable and effective coastal protection measures to protect these highly variable sandy coastlines. One such example is a dynamic cobble berm revetment; a “soft–engineering” solution (i.e., not fixed) consisting of a cobble berm constructed around the high tide wave runup limit, that has the potential to stabilise the upper beach, provide overtopping protection to the hinterland and translate with water level rise. However, there have been limited applications of dynamic cobble berm revetments to date, and there is a lack of understanding about the efficacy of this coastal protection to current and changing waves and water levels. This study details a prototype–scale experiment conducted to test the behaviour and performance of a dynamic cobble berm revetment as a form of coastal protection against erosive waves and water level increase. Results from the experiment showed that the revetment was “dynamically stable” under wave action as a consistent global shape was retained even though individual cobbles were mobilised under every swash event. Although the front slope and the crest responded to the incident wave condition, the net rate of change was always an order of magnitude lower than the gross rate of change. Tracking of individual cobbles using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology showed that stability of the revetment was likely maintained by rollover transport of cobbles onto the crest, as the revetment moved upward and landward under water level rise. The presence of the revetment reduced the vertical and horizontal runup as well as the retreat of the upper beach. The experimental results presented suggest that a dynamic cobble berm revetment could be a cheap, efficient and low environmental impact engineering solution for protecting sandy coastlines in a changing climate. Some preliminary design guidelines for coastal engineers are also drawn from this experiment.

中文翻译：

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在水位增加的情况下，用于海岸保护的动态鹅卵石护堤的性能。

摘要 在不断变化的气候中，海平面上升和暴风雨的预测区域尺度变化可能会增加沙质海岸线对海岸侵蚀和洪水的脆弱性。因此，人们越来越关注制定适应性强、可持续和有效的海岸保护措施，以保护这些高度多变的沙质海岸线。一个这样的例子是动态鹅卵石护堤护岸；一种“软工程”解决方案（即非固定），由围绕高潮波上升极限建造的鹅卵石护堤组成，具有稳定上海滩的潜力，为腹地提供越过保护并随着水位上升而转化。然而，迄今为止动态鹅卵石护堤的应用有限，并且对这种海岸保护对当前和不断变化的波浪和水位的功效缺乏了解。这项研究详细介绍了一个原型规模的实验，该实验旨在测试动态鹅卵石护堤护岸的行为和性能，作为一种沿海保护形式，防止侵蚀波浪和水位升高。实验结果表明，护岸在波浪作用下是“动态稳定的”，因为即使在每次冲浪事件下都动员了单个鹅卵石，仍保持一致的整体形状。尽管前坡和波峰响应入射波条件，但净变化率始终比总变化率低一个数量级。使用射频识别 (RFID) 技术跟踪单个鹅卵石表明，随着护岸在水位上升的情况下向上和向陆移动，护岸的稳定性可能是通过将鹅卵石翻转运输到波峰上来维持的。护岸的存在减少了垂直和水平的上升以及上海滩的后退。实验结果表明，动态鹅卵石护岸护岸可能是一种廉价、高效和低环境影响的工程解决方案，用于在气候变化中保护沙质海岸线。海岸工程师的一些初步设计指南也从这个实验中得出。护岸的存在减少了垂直和水平的上升以及上海滩的后退。实验结果表明，动态鹅卵石护岸护岸可能是一种廉价、高效和低环境影响的工程解决方案，用于在气候变化中保护沙质海岸线。海岸工程师的一些初步设计指南也从这个实验中得出。护岸的存在减少了垂直和水平的上升以及上海滩的后退。所呈现的实验结果表明，动态鹅卵石护岸护岸可能是一种廉价、高效且对环境影响低的工程解决方案，可用于在气候变化中保护沙质海岸线。海岸工程师的一些初步设计指南也从这个实验中得出。