Global fisheries production has increased up to 200 MT which resulted in 20 MT of waste. Discards or by-products from aquatic processing have remained a big challenge for waste management and their efficient use for human food. In the present study, we prepared fish bone powder (FBP) from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) using autoclave processing and compared its characteristics with simple heat treatment as well as with size reduction process. The results showed that autoclave processing with reduced particle size significantly (p < 0.05) increased ζ-potential (15.2 mV) and facilitated size reduction (5.2 µm), while only heat treatment improved the proximate composition. The collagen denaturation was followed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) at 1338 cm⁻¹ peak while amide regions, such as amide I (1590–1720 cm⁻¹), amide II (1560 cm⁻¹) and amide III (1237 cm⁻¹), carbonate (870 cm⁻¹) and phosphate (565 and 1030 cm⁻¹) groups were identified in all treatments. The scanning electron microscopy showed the variation in particle size, and porous structure of FBP. Moreover, calcium and protein in vitro digestibility was significantly high in autoclave processing groups. The results of amino acid analysis at intestinal stage of in vitro model digestion depicted that the concentration of essential amino was higher than the cereal proteins. The results propose the feasibility of using autoclave processing as an alternative to the thermal treatment to prepare FBP.

全球渔业产量增加到200吨，造成20吨浪费。水产品加工过程中产生的丢弃物或副产品仍然是废物管理及其有效用于人类食品的巨大挑战。在本研究中，我们使用高压灭菌器从草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）制备鱼骨粉（FBP），并将其特性与简单的热处理以及尺寸减小的工艺进行了比较。结果表明，具有减小的粒径（p <0.05）的高压釜处理显着提高了ζ电位（15.2 mV）并促进了粒径的减小（5.2 µm），而只有热处理才能改善附近的成分。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）在1338 cm ^-1下跟踪胶原蛋白的变性出现酰胺峰的峰，例如酰胺I（1590–1720 cm ^-1），酰胺II（1560 cm ^-1）和酰胺III（1237 cm ^-1），碳酸盐（870 cm ^-1）和磷酸盐（565和1030 cm在所有治疗中均确定^-1）组。扫描电子显微镜显示了FBP的粒径和多孔结构的变化。此外，在高压灭菌处理组中，钙和蛋白质的体外消化率显着较高。体外肠道阶段氨基酸分析的结果模型消化表明必需氨基酸的浓度高于谷物蛋白质。结果提出了使用高压釜处理替代热处理来制备FBP的可行性。