Safflower yellow (SY) is the main effective component of Carthamus tinctorius L., and Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the single active component with the highest content in SY. SY and HSYA have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several AD models. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether the effects of SY and HSYA on the learning and memory abilities of Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats are related to the enhancement of synaptic structural plasticity in brain tissues and the amelioration of disorder of glutamate circulation. We used rats injected with Aβ1-42 into the bilateral hippocampus as a model of AD. After treatment with SY and HSYA, the learning and memory abilities of the Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats were enhanced, Aβ deposition in the AD model rats was decreased, structural damage to dendritic spines and the loss of synaptic-associated proteins were alleviated, and the disorder of glutamate circulation was ameliorated. The results indicated that SY and HSYA improve synaptic structural plasticity by ameliorating the disorder of glutamate circulation in Aβ1-42-induced AD model rats.

中文翻译：

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红花黄通过减轻Aβ1-42诱导的AD模型大鼠的谷氨酸循环紊乱改善了突触的结构可塑性。

红花黄（SY）是红花红心主要有效成分，而羟基红花黄A（HSYA）是SY中含量最高的单一活性成分。SY和HSYA已在几种AD模型中显示出神经保护作用。在这项研究中，我们旨在阐明SY和HSYA对Aβ1-42诱导的AD模型大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响是否与脑组织中突触结构可塑性的增强以及谷氨酸循环障碍的改善有关。我们将大鼠注射了双侧海马中的Aβ1-42作为AD模型。SY和HSYA处理后，Aβ1-42诱导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力增强，AD模型大鼠Aβ沉积降低，减轻了对树突棘的结构性损伤和突触相关蛋白的损失，并减轻了谷氨酸循环的紊乱。结果表明，SY和HSYA通过改善Aβ1-42诱导的AD模型大鼠的谷氨酸循环紊乱，改善了突触的结构可塑性。