The year 2021 will mark 100 years since the discovery of insulin. Insulin, the first medication to be discovered for diabetes, is still the safest and most potent glucose-lowering therapy. The major challenge of insulin despite its efficacy has been the occurrence of hypoglycemia, which has resulted in sub-optimal dosages being prescribed in the vast majority of patients. Popular devices used for insulin administration are syringes, pens, and pumps. An artificial pancreas (AP) with a closed-loop delivery system with > 95% time in range is believed to soon become a reality. The development of closed-loop delivery systems has gained momentum with recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and computer algorithms. This review discusses the evolution of syringes, disposable, durable pens and connected pens, needles, tethered and patch insulin pumps, bionic pancreas, alternate controller-enabled infusion (ACE) pumps, and do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIY-APS).

中文翻译：

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胰岛素输送设备的演变：从注射器，笔和泵到DIY人工胰腺。

自发现胰岛素以来2021年将是100年。胰岛素是发现的首个糖尿病药物，仍然是最安全，最有效的降糖疗法。尽管胰岛素有效，但主要的挑战是发生低血糖症，这导致绝大多数患者开出了次优剂量。用于胰岛素管理的流行设备是注射器，笔和泵。人工胰腺（AP）的闭环递送系统具有超过95％的时间范围，相信很快就会成为现实。随着连续葡萄糖监测（CGM）和计算机算法的最新发展，闭环输送系统的发展获得了动力。这篇评论讨论了注射器，一次性耐用笔和连接笔，针头，