Recent advances in the extraction and purification of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) obtained from healthy or malignant tissues open new avenues for engineering physiomimetic 3D in vitro tumor models, which closely recapitulate key biomolecular hallmarks and the dynamic cancer cell–ECM interactions in the tumor microenvironment. We review current and upcoming methodologies for chemical modification of dECM-based biomaterials and advanced bioprocessing into organotypic 3D solid tumor models. A comprehensive review of disruptive advances and shortcomings of exploring dECM-based biomaterials for recapitulating the native tumor-supporting matrix is also provided. We hope to drive the discussion on how 3D dECM testing platforms can be leveraged for generating microphysiological tumor surrogates that generate more robust and predictive data on therapeutic bioperformance.

从健康或恶性组织中提取的脱细胞细胞外基质 (dECM) 的提取和纯化的最新进展为体外工程拟态 3D 开辟了新途径肿瘤模型，它们密切概括了肿瘤微环境中的关键生物分子标志和动态癌细胞-ECM 相互作用。我们回顾了当前和即将到来的基于 dECM 的生物材料的化学改性方法和先进的生物加工成器官型 3D 实体肿瘤模型。还提供了对探索基于 dECM 的生物材料以重现天然肿瘤支持基质的破坏性进展和缺点的全面审查。我们希望推动关于如何利用 3D dECM 测试平台生成微生理肿瘤替代物的讨论，这些替代物可以生成关于治疗生物性能的更可靠和预测性数据。