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Maize and sunflower yields and soil changes after five years of organic fertilization in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, Brazil
Arid Land Research and Management ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-13
Kennedy Nascimento de Jesus, Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes, Renisson Neponuceno de Araujo Filho, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino, Dário Costa Primo

Effects of annual organic fertilization on maize and sunflower yields and on physical and chemical characteristics of a Fluvisol were evaluated in the semiarid area of Paraiba state, from 2007 to 2011. The experiment was a block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to one control and three fertilizer treatments (cattle manure and Gliricidia sepium and Croton sonderianus prunings) and two application procedures (soil surface or incorporated in the 0–10 cm layer), with four replications. Maize was grown in the first 3 years and then sunflower was grown for 2 years. Grain and straw yields increased with fertilization, especially in the years of good rains (maize, 0–61%, reaching 3.4 Mg ha−1 of grain; sunflower, 48–112%, reaching 1.4 Mg ha−1 of achenes), differing only slightly between fertilizer types and form of application. All fertilizers incorporated for 5 years reduced water infiltration time (20–50%), but only manure and G. sepium reduced soil bulk density (about 10%) and increased soil porosity (7–10%). Manure increased soil pH (0.7–1.0 units). Surface application of manure and C. sonderianus increased soil organic matter (28 and 72%) and phosphorus concentrations (about 70%). We suggest that, in sites with soil physical problems (slow water infiltration, high soil compaction, and low porosity), organic fertilizers may lead to better responses if incorporated into the soil. If there is a need for greater improvement of soil organic matter, nutrients and water conservation, surface applied organic manure and C. sonderianus may be a better management practice.



中文翻译:

巴西帕拉伊巴半干旱地区有机施肥五年后的玉米和向日葵产量及土壤变化

在2007年至2011年的帕拉伊巴州半干旱地区,评估了年度有机施肥对玉米和向日葵产量以及氟维索尔的理化特性的影响。该实验为4×2因子布置的分块设计,对应于一个对照和三个肥料处理(牛粪和牛油菌巴豆松枝修剪)和两个施用程序(土壤表面或在0-10 cm的土壤中掺入),重复四次。玉米在最初的3年中生长,然后在向日葵中生长2年。谷物和稻草的产量随施肥量的增加而增加,特别是在降雨多的年份(玉米,0-61%,达到3.4 Mg ha -1谷物;向日葵,48-112%,达到1.4 Mg ha瘦果的-1),在肥料类型和施用形式之间仅略有不同。所有使用了5年的肥料都减少了水的渗透时间(20–50%),但是只有粪肥和隔垫降低了土壤容重(约10%)并增加了土壤孔隙度(7-10%)。肥料增加了土壤的pH值(0.7-1.0单位)。粪肥和sonderianus的表面施用增加了土壤有机质(分别占28%和72%)和磷浓度(约70%)。我们建议,在存在土壤物理问题(水渗透缓慢,土壤密实度高和孔隙率低)的地方,如果将有机肥料掺入土壤,可能会产生更好的响应。如果需要进一步改善土壤有机质,养分和节约用水,则表面施用有机肥和sonderianus可能是更好的管理方法。

更新日期:2020-05-13
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