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Mental Health Consequences during the Initial Stage of the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
Clara González-Sanguino 1 , Berta Ausín 1 , Miguel Ángel Castellanos 2 , Jesús Saiz 3 , Aída López-Gómez 4 , Carolina Ugidos 3 , Manuel Muñoz 1
Affiliation  

Abstract The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21.6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having economic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to deal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulnerable groups.

中文翻译:

西班牙 2020 年冠状病毒大流行 (COVID-19) 初期的心理健康后果

摘要 由 Covid-19 引起的大流行已成为全球前所未有的社会和卫生紧急情况。这是科学文献中第一项报告了 Covid-19 爆发对西班牙人口样本的心理影响的研究。一项横断面研究是通过对 3480 人的在线调查进行的。从 3 月 14 日起,通过筛查测试评估了抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的存在。收集了社会人口学和 Covid-19 相关数据。此外,还评估了精神健康、孤独感、社会支持、歧视和归属感。进行了描述性分析并编制了线性回归模型。18.7% 的样本显示出抑郁、21.6% 的焦虑和 15.8% 的 PTSD 症状。在年龄较大的人群中,经济稳定以及相信已提供有关大流行的足够信息与抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍呈负相关。然而,女性、先前被诊断出精神健康问题或神经系统疾病、有与病毒相关的症状或有近亲感染者在所有三个变量中都与更大的症状相关。预测模型显示,症状学的最大保护因素是精神健康,而孤独感是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因素。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。焦虑和创伤后应激障碍。然而,女性、先前被诊断出精神健康问题或神经系统疾病、有与病毒相关的症状或有近亲感染者在所有三个变量中都与更大的症状相关。预测模型显示,症状学的最大保护因素是精神健康,而孤独感是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因素。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。焦虑和创伤后应激障碍。然而,女性、先前被诊断出精神健康问题或神经系统疾病、有与病毒相关的症状或有近亲感染者在所有三个变量中都与更大的症状相关。预测模型显示,症状学的最大保护因素是精神健康,而孤独感是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因素。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。有与病毒相关的症状,或有近亲感染者在所有三个变量中都与更大的症状相关。预测模型显示,症状学的最大保护因素是精神健康,而孤独感是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因素。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。有与病毒相关的症状,或有近亲感染者在所有三个变量中都与更大的症状相关。预测模型显示,症状学的最大保护因素是精神健康,而孤独感是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因素。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。而孤独是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因子。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。而孤独是抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的最强预测因子。大流行对我们心理健康的影响以及在最初几周采取的应对措施是显而易见的。此外,可以确定总体上和某些特别脆弱的群体是否需要更多的心理支持。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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