When exposed to prolonged anoxia insects enter a reversible coma during which neural and muscular systems temporarily shut down. Nervous system shut down is a result of spreading depolarization throughout neurons and glial cells. Upon return to normoxia, recovery occurs following the restoration of ion gradients. However, there is a delay in the functional recovery of synaptic transmission following membrane repolarization. In mammals, the build-up of extracellular adenosine following spreading depolarization contributes to this delay. Adenosine accumulation is a marker of metabolic stress and it has many downstream effects through the activation of adenosine receptors, including the inhibition of cAMP production. Here we demonstrate that adenosine lengthens the time to functional recovery following anoxic coma in locusts. Caffeine, used as an adenosine receptor antagonist, decreased the time to recovery in intact animals and lengthened the time to recovery in semi-intact animals. A cAMP inhibitor, NKH 477, delayed recovery time in male animals. Our results show that the rate of recovery in insect systems is affected by the presence of adenosine.

中文翻译：

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腺苷在地方性偏头痛后缺氧性昏迷后功能恢复中的作用。

当暴露于长时间的缺氧状态时，昆虫会进入可逆的昏迷状态，在此期间神经和肌肉系统会暂时关闭。神经系统关闭是整个神经元和神经胶质细胞扩散去极化的结果。回到常氧状态后，离子梯度恢复后即恢复。但是，在膜复极化后，突触传递的功能恢复存在延迟。在哺乳动物中，扩散去极化后细胞外腺苷的积累导致了这种延迟。腺苷积累是代谢应激的标志，它通过激活腺苷受体具有许多下游作用，包括抑制cAMP的产生。在这里，我们证明了在蝗虫中缺氧性昏迷后，腺苷会延长功能恢复的时间。咖啡因，用作腺苷受体拮抗剂，可减少完整动物的恢复时间，并延长半完整动物的恢复时间。cAMP抑制剂NKH 477延迟了雄性动物的恢复时间。我们的结果表明，昆虫系统中的恢复速率受腺苷的存在影响。