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Anthropogenic environmental change on the frontiers of European colonisation in Australia, 1788–1840 CE. A reply to comments in Woodward (2019)
Geomorphology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107234
Duncan E. Cook

Abstract Based on a range of evidence, Cook (2019) concluded that increased erosion and sedimentation followed the movement of Europeans into new regions of Australia soon after 1788 CE. Woodward (this issue) takes issue with this position, based largely on the interpretation of lake sediment records from a single study site in the New England Tablelands of eastern Australia. Many of Woodward's comments (and their singular focus) are beyond the aims and scope of Cook (2019), which examined the evidence for human impacts on soils and erosion in early Colonial Australia. This paper addresses the following issues raised by Woodward: (1) that there is no evidence of environmental impacts from the first half century of ‘illegal’ settlers and land use in Australia, and (2) that other historical and scientific records of increased erosion and sedimentation before 1840 cannot be relied on. Further, this paper corrects other errors and inaccuracies found in Woodward's reply. This paper draws on many datasets to expand the argument that European land use, resource extraction, and agriculture resulted in landscape disturbance before 1840 CE in Australia. Finally, this reply demonstrates why Woodward's claim of no major impacts from illegal Europeans before 1840 in Australia is, for many locations, improbable based on the evidence available, and for large swathes of eastern Australia, difficult to support.

中文翻译:

欧洲在澳大利亚殖民前沿的人为环境变化,公元 1788-1840 年。对伍德沃德 (2019) 评论的回复

摘要 根据一系列证据,库克(2019 年)得出结论,公元 1788 年之后不久,欧洲人迁移到澳大利亚的新地区后,侵蚀和沉积作用增加。伍德沃德(本期)对这一立场提出异议,主要基于对澳大利亚东部新英格兰高地单一研究地点的湖泊沉积物记录的解释。伍德沃德的许多评论(以及他们的单一关注点)超出了库克(2019 年)的目标和范围,该书研究了早期澳大利亚殖民时期人类对土壤和侵蚀的影响的证据。本文解决了伍德沃德提出的以下问题:(1) 没有证据表明前半个世纪澳大利亚的“非法”定居者和土地使用对环境产生了影响,(2) 不能依赖 1840 年之前侵蚀和沉积增加的其他历史和科学记录。此外,本文更正了伍德沃德回复中发现的其他错误和不准确之处。本文利用许多数据集来扩展欧洲土地利用、资源开采和农业在公元 1840 年之前在澳大利亚造成景观干扰的论点。最后,这个答复证明了为什么伍德沃德声称 1840 年之前在澳大利亚没有受到非法欧洲人的重大影响的说法,根据现有证据,在许多地方是不可能的,而对于澳大利亚东部的大片地区,则难以支持。本文利用许多数据集来扩展欧洲土地利用、资源开采和农业在公元 1840 年之前在澳大利亚造成景观干扰的论点。最后,这个答复证明了为什么伍德沃德声称 1840 年之前在澳大利亚没有受到非法欧洲人的重大影响的说法,根据现有证据,在许多地方是不可能的,而对于澳大利亚东部的大片地区,则难以支持。本文利用许多数据集来扩展欧洲土地利用、资源开采和农业在公元 1840 年之前在澳大利亚造成景观干扰的论点。最后,这个答复证明了为什么伍德沃德声称 1840 年之前在澳大利亚没有受到非法欧洲人的重大影响的说法,根据现有证据,在许多地方是不可能的,而对于澳大利亚东部的大片地区,则难以支持。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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