Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) results from egg-deposition in the female reproductive tract primarily by the waterborne parasite Schistosoma (S.) haematobium, and less commonly by Schistosoma (S.) mansoni. FGS affects an estimated 20-56 million women worldwide, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. There is cross-sectional evidence of increased HIV-1 prevalence in schistosomiasis-infected women, but a causal relationship between FGS and either HIV-1 acquisition or transmission has not been fully established. Beyond the pathognomonic breach in the cervicovaginal barrier caused by FGS, this narrative review explores potential mechanisms for a synergistic relationship between S. haematobium infection, FGS, and HIV-1 acquisition through vaginal inflammation and target cell recruitment.

中文翻译：

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超越障碍：女性生殖器血吸虫病是HIV-1感染的潜在危险因素。

女性生殖器血吸虫病（FGS）是由女性生殖道中的卵沉积所致，主要是由水生寄生虫血吸虫（S.）血球引起的，而较少见于曼氏血吸虫。FGS影响了全世界大约20-56百万妇女，其中大多数在撒哈拉以南非洲。有横断面的证据表明血吸虫病感染妇女的HIV-1患病率增加，但是FGS与HIV-1的获取或传播之间的因果关系尚未完全确立。除了由FGS引起的宫颈阴道屏障的病原学突破外，本篇叙事综述还探讨了通过阴道炎症和靶细胞募集而使链球菌感染，FGS和HIV-1获得之间协同关系的潜在机制。