Abstract

The geysers and paleo-geysers that exist in Kamchatka are situated in volcanogenic artesian basins composed of products of recent acid volcanism. This is in accord with the worldwide patterns for the occurrence of geyser fields. The results of a TOUGHREACT simulation of flow-through ascending circulation of thermal waters, which have chemical compositions in agreement with that of the water in Geyser Valley and which occurs in rhyolite host rocks, showed the generation of channels with high transmitting capacity and lateral self-isolation. This occurs due to the high rate of dissolution for volcanic glass in an axial ascending flow and deposition of silica in the annulus. Studies of mineral composition, as sampled at the surface of cones/gryphons at the Velikan, Bolshoi, and Pervenets geysers, showed them to be dominated by the zeolite mineral phase (heulandite, clinoptilolite, and mordenite) with some minor amounts of amorphous silica (opal).

中文翻译：

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模拟酸性火山岩中渗透性间歇泉通道的产生条件

摘要

堪察加半岛上存在的间歇泉和古间歇泉位于由最近的酸性火山作用产物组成的火山成因自流盆地中。这与间歇泉领域发生的全球模式相一致。TOUGHREACT模拟的热水通过流上升循环的结果，其化学成分与间歇泉谷中的水的化学成分一致，并且发生在流纹岩主岩中，表明产生了具有高传输能力和横向自我的通道-隔离。发生这种情况的原因是，火山玻璃在轴向上升流中的溶解速度很高，并且二氧化硅在环空中沉积。在Velikan，Bolshoi和Pervenets间歇泉的锥体/狮ry表面采样的矿物成分研究，