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Synthetic photometric landmarks used for absolute navigation near an asteroid
The Aeronautical Journal ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 , DOI: 10.1017/aer.2020.41
O. Knuuttila , A. Kestilä , E. Kallio

The need for autonomous location estimation in the form of optical navigation is an essential requirement for forthcoming deep space missions. While crater-based navigation might work well with larger bodies littered with craters, small sub-kilometer bodies do not necessarily have them. We have developed a new pose estimation method for absolute navigation based on photometric local feature extraction techniques thus making it suitable for missions that cannot rely on craters. The algorithm can be used by a navigation filter in conjunction with relative pose estimation such as visual odometry for additional robustness and accuracy. To estimate the position and orientation of the spacecraft in the asteroid-fixed coordinate frame, it uses navigation camera images in combination with other readily available information, such as orientation relative to the stars and the current time for an initial estimate of the asteroid rotation state. Evaluation of the algorithm when using different feature extractors is performed, on one hand, using Monte Carlo simulations and, on the other hand, using actual images taken by the Rosetta spacecraft orbiting the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Our analysis, where four different feature extraction methods (AKAZE, ORB, SIFT, SURF) were compared, showed that AKAZE is most promising in terms of stability and accuracy.

中文翻译:

用于小行星附近绝对导航的合成光度地标

以光学导航形式进行自主位置估计的需求是即将到来的深空任务的基本要求。虽然基于陨石坑的导航可能适用于散布陨石坑的较大天体,但亚公里以下的小型天体不一定有它们。我们开发了一种新的基于光度局部特征提取技术的绝对导航姿态估计方法,使其适用于不能依赖陨石坑的任务。该算法可以被导航滤波器与相对姿态估计(例如视觉里程计)结合使用,以提高鲁棒性和准确性。为了估计航天器在小行星固定坐标系中的位置和方向,它使用导航摄像机图像和其他现成的信息,例如相对于恒星的方向和小行星旋转状态初始估计的当前时间。在使用不同特征提取器时对算法进行评估,一方面使用蒙特卡罗模拟,另一方面使用罗塞塔号航天器围绕彗星 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 拍摄的实际图像。我们的分析比较了四种不同的特征提取方法(AKAZE、ORB、SIFT、SURF),结果表明 AKAZE 在稳定性和准确性方面最有希望。使用由绕彗星 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 运行的罗塞塔号宇宙飞船拍摄的实际图像。我们的分析比较了四种不同的特征提取方法(AKAZE、ORB、SIFT、SURF),结果表明 AKAZE 在稳定性和准确性方面最有希望。使用由绕彗星 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 运行的罗塞塔号宇宙飞船拍摄的实际图像。我们的分析比较了四种不同的特征提取方法(AKAZE、ORB、SIFT、SURF),结果表明 AKAZE 在稳定性和准确性方面最有希望。
更新日期:2020-05-13
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