The role of synoptic-scale cyclones in the trends and variability of Arctic sea ice conditions has remained uncertain. In recognition, we conduct a systematic investigation of how sea-ice concentration (SIC) changes with cyclone passage, including all individual storms that pass over any part of the region's ice pack. For all seasons, especially summer and autumn, we find a pattern of higher ice concentration after a region is influenced by a cyclone compared to when it is not, primarily due to thermodynamic effects. During warm months, cyclones appear to slow the general day-to-day decline in concentration; in cold months, cyclones augment the day-to-day increase. These relationships are changing over time, with cyclone-associated concentration changes becoming less distinct from overall changes. Cyclone effects on ice divergence are spatially variable; computed fields are noisy. In summer, these dynamic effects of cyclone passage generally decrease SIC, but are outweighed by the thermodynamic effects (e.g., reductions in air temperature, shortwave radiation). In autumn, cyclone-associated concentration changes are not as easily explained by observed cyclone conditions. Key questions remain regarding the extent to which our findings are influenced by artifacts of surface melt and weather effects on the passive microwave retrievals.

中文翻译：

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天气尺度气旋对北极海冰浓度的影响：系统分析

天气尺度气旋在北极海冰条件的趋势和变化中的作用仍然不确定。作为认可，我们对海冰浓度 (SIC) 如何随气旋通过而变化进行了系统调查，包括通过该地区冰袋任何部分的所有单个风暴。对于所有季节，尤其是夏季和秋季，我们发现一个地区受气旋影响后的冰浓度高于未受气旋影响时的模式，这主要是由于热力学效应。在温暖的月份，气旋似乎减缓了浓度的日常下降。在寒冷的月份，气旋会增加日常增长。这些关系随着时间的推移而变化，与气旋相关的浓度变化与整体变化的区别越来越小。气旋对冰散度的影响在空间上是可变的；计算场是嘈杂的。在夏季，气旋通过的这些动态效应通常会降低 SIC，但会被热力学效应（例如，气温降低、短波辐射）所抵消。在秋季，气旋相关的浓度变化并不容易通过观察到的气旋条件来解释。关于我们的发现在多大程度上受到表面融化伪影和天气对被动微波反演的影响的关键问题仍然存在。与旋风分离器相关的浓度变化并不像观察到的旋风分离器条件那样容易解释。关于我们的发现在多大程度上受到表面融化伪影和天气对被动微波反演的影响的关键问题仍然存在。与旋风分离器相关的浓度变化并不像观察到的旋风分离器条件那样容易解释。关于我们的发现在多大程度上受到表面融化伪影和天气对被动微波反演的影响的关键问题仍然存在。